Lexical Summary doxa: Glory, honor, splendor, majesty Original Word: δόξα Strong's Exhaustive Concordance dignity, glory, honor, praise, worship. From the base of dokeo; glory (as very apparent), in a wide application (literal or figurative, objective or subjective) -- dignity, glory(-ious), honour, praise, worship. see GREEK dokeo HELPS Word-studies 1391 dóksa (from dokeō, "exercising personal opinion which determines value") – glory. 1391 /dóksa ("glory") corresponds to the OT word, kabo (OT 3519, "to be heavy"). Both terms convey God's infinite, intrinsic worth (substance, essence). [1391 (dóksa) literally means "what evokes good opinion, i.e. that something has inherent, intrinsic worth" (J. Thayer).] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom dokeó Definition opinion (always good in N.T.), hence praise, honor, glory NASB Translation approval (2), brightness (1), glories (1), glorious (5), glory (155), honor (1), majesties (2). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 1391: δόξαδόξα, δόξης, ἡ (δοκέω (from Homer down), the Sept. most frequent for כָּבוד, several times for הוד, הָדָר, etc.; I. opinion, judgment, view: in this sense very often in secular writ; but in the Bible only in 4 Macc. 5:17 (18). II. opinion, estimate, whether good or bad, concerning some one; but (like the Latinexistimatio) in secular writings generally, in the sacred writings always, good opinion concerning one, and as resulting from that, praise, honor, glory: Luke 14:10; Hebrews 3:3; 1 Peter 5:4; opposed to ἀτιμία, 2 Corinthians 6:8; opposed to αἰσχύνη, Philippians 3:19; joined with τιμή, Romans 2:7, 10; 1 Peter 1:7; 2 Peter 1:17; δόξα τίνος, praise or honor coming to someone, Luke 2:32; Ephesians 3:13; coming from some one, John 8:54; John 12:43; τῶν ἀνθρώπων, τοῦ Θεοῦ, John 12:43; Romans 3:23; persons whose excellence is to redound to the glory of others are called their δόξα: thus, ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἡ δόξα ἡμῶν, 1 Thessalonians 2:20; ἀδελφοί ἡμῶν δόξα Χριστοῦ, 2 Corinthians 8:23. ζητεῖν τήν ἰδίαν δόξαν, or τήν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, John 7:18; John 8:50; of God, to endeavor to promote the glory of God, John 7:18: ζητεῖν δόξαν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, 1 Thessalonians 2:6; τήν δόξαν τήν παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ, John 5:44; λαμβάνειν δόξαν (Latincaptare honorem) to seek to receive, catch at glory, John 5:41, 44; to receive glory, 2 Peter 1:17; Revelation 5:12; τήν δόξαν, the glory due (cf. Winers Grammar, 105f (100f); Buttmann, 88 (77); Ellicott on Galatians 1:5, cf. Buttmann, 89 (78)), Revelation 4:11; διδόναι δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, לַיְהוָה כָּבוד שׂוּם or (Jeremiah 13:16) נָתַן, to give or ascribe glory to God, why and how being evident in each case from the context: thus, by declaring one's gratitude to God for a benefit received, Luke 17:18; by not distrusting God's promises, Romans 4:20; by celebrating his praises, Revelation 4:9; Revelation 11:13; Revelation 14:7; ( III. As a translation of the Hebrew כָּבוד, in a use foreign to Greek writing (Winers Grammar, 32), splendor, brightness; 1. properly: τοῦ φωτός, Acts 22:11; of the sun, moon, stars, 1 Corinthians 15:40f; used of the heavenly brightness, by which God was conceived of as surrounded, Luke 2:9 Acts 7:55, and by which heavenly beings were surrounded when they appeared on earth, Luke 9:31; Revelation 18:1; with which the face of Moses was once made luminous, 2 Corinthians 3:7, and also Christ in his transfiguration, Luke 9:32; δόξα τοῦ κυρίου, in the Sept. equivalent to יְהוָה כְּבוד, in the Targum and Talmud שְׁכִינָה, Shekinah or Shechinah (see BB. DD. under the word), the glory of the Lord, and simply ἡ δόξα, a bright cloud by which God made manifest to men his presence and power on earth (Exodus 24:17; Exodus 40:28 (34ff), etc.): Romans 9:4; Revelation 15:8; Revelation 21:11, 23; hence, ὁ Θεός τῆς δόξης (God to whom belongs δόξα ὤφθη, Acts 7:2; Χερούβειν δόξης, on whom the divine glory rests (so δόξα, without the article, Exodus 40:28 (34); 1 Samuel 4:22; Sir. 49:8), Hebrews 9:5. 2. magnificence, excellence, preeminence, dignity, grace: βασιλεῖαι τοῦ κόσμου καί ἡ δόξα αὐτῶν, i. e. their resources, wealth, the magnificence and greatness of their cities, their fertile lands, their thronging population, Matthew 4:8; Luke 4:6; ἡ δόξα τῶν βασιλειῶν τῆς γῆς, Revelation 21:(24; τῶν ἐθνῶν, ibid.) Revelation 21:26; used of royal state, splendid apparel, and the like: Matthew 6:29; Luke 12:27 (Esther 5:1; Josephus, Antiquities 8, 6, 5); glorious form and appearance: e. g. of human bodies restored to life, opposed to ἡ ἀτιμία which characterized them when they were buried, 1 Corinthians 15:43; ἡ δόξα τῆς σαρκός "omne id, quod in rebus humanis magnificum dicitur (Calvin), 1 Peter 1:24; εἶναι τίνι δόξα, to be a glory, ornament, to one, 1 Corinthians 11:15; universally, preeminence, excellence: 2 Corinthians 3:8-11. 3. majesty; a. that which belongs to God; and a. the kingly majesty which belongs to him as the supreme ruler; so in passages where it is joined with βασιλεία, δύναμις, κράτος, ἐξουσία, and the like: Matthew 6:13 Rec.; especially in doxologies, 1 Peter 4:11; 1 Peter 5:11 R G; Jude 1:25; Revelation 1:6; these passage I have preferred to distinguish from those cited above, II. at the end, and yet in passages similar to each other in form it is not always clear whether δόξα is used to denote praise and honor, or regal majesty, as in Revelation 7:12 ἡ εὐλογία καί ἡ δοκα καί ἡ σοφία καί ἡ εὐχαριστία καί ἡ τιμή καί ἡ ἰσχύς, Revelation 19:1 ἡ σωτηρία καί ἡ δόξα καί ἡ τιμή καί ἡ δύναμις; likewise in Revelation 5:12 (13). of the judicial majesty of God as exhibited at the last day, Jude 1:24. ἀνήρ εἰκών καί δόξα Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων, whose function of government reflects the majesty of the divine ruler, 1 Corinthians 11:7; (ἡ) γυνή δόξα ἀνδρός, because in her the preeminence and authority of her husband are conspicuous, ibid. β. majesty in the sense of the absolute perfection of the deity: Romans 1:23; 2 Corinthians 4:6; Hebrews 1:3; 2 Peter 1:17; 1 Peter 4:14; ἐν δόξῃ, equivalent to ἐνδόξως, i. e. as accords with his divine perfection, Philippians 4:19 (cf. Meyer and Lightfoot at the passage); of the majesty of his saving grace: Romans 9:23; Ephesians 1:12, 14, 18; Ephesians 3:16; 1 Timothy 1:11; 2 Peter 1:3 (Winer's Grammar, 381 (356)); more fully δόξα τῆς χάριτος. Ephesians 1:6; ὁ πατήρ τῆς δόξης, the Father whose characteristic is majesty, Ephesians 1:17; the majesty of God as exhibited in deeds of power: John 11:40; Romans 6:4 (whence δόξα for עֹז, the Sept. Isaiah 12:2; Isaiah 45:24); hence, τό κράτος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ, the might in which His majesty excels, Colossians 1:11. b. majesty which belongs to Christ; and α. the kingly majesty of the Messiah, to which belongs his kingly state, the splendor of His external appearance, the retinue of angels, and the like (see in III. 1): Mark 10:37; in this sense it is said that Christ will come hereafter to set up the Messianic kingdom ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ πατρός, clothed by the Father in kingly array, Matthew 16:27; Mark 8:38; Luke 9:26; μετά δυνάμεως καί δόξης πολλῆς, Matthew 24:30; Mark 13:26; Luke 21:27 cf. Matthew 25:31; Titus 2:13; 1 Peter 4:13; also καθίσαι ἐπί θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ, Matthew 19:28; Matthew 25:31, cf. 1 Samuel 2:8; ἡ δόξα τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ, the majesty of his Messianic power with which he will punish his adversaries, 2 Thessalonians 1:9. β. the absolutely perfect inward or personal excellence of Christ: 2 Corinthians 3:18; 2 Corinthians 4:4; in which he excels by virtue of his nature as ὁ θεῖος λόγος, John 1:14; John 12:41; of which majesty he gave tokens in the miracles he performed, John 2:11 cf. John 11:40; ὁ κύριος τῆς δόξης, 1 Corinthians 2:8; James 2:1. γ. "the majesty (glory) of angels, as apparent in their exterior brightness, Luke 9:26; in a wider sense, in which angels are called δόξαι as being spiritual beings of preeminent dignity: Jude 1:8; 2 Peter 2:10. 4. a most glorious condition, most exalted state; a. of that condition with God the Father in heaven to which Christ was raised after he had achieved his work on earth: Luke 24:26; John 17:5 (where he is said to have been in the same condition before his incarnation, and even before the beginning of the world); John 17:22, 24; Hebrews 2:7, 9; 1 Peter 1:11, 21; τό σῶμα τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ, the body in which his glorious condition is manifested, Philippians 3:21; ἀνελήφθη ἐν δόξῃ, was taken np (into heaven) so that he is now ἐν δόξῃ, 1 Timothy 3:16 (cf. Winers Grammar, 413 (385); Buttmann, 328 (283)). b. "the glorious condition of blessedness into which it is appointed and promised that true Christians shall enter after their Saviour's return from heaven": Romans 8:18, 21; Romans 9:23; 2 Corinthians 4:17; Colossians 1:27 (twice; cf. Meyer at the passage); Colossians 3:4; 2 Timothy 2:10; Hebrews 2:10; 1 Peter 5:1; which condition begins to be enjoyed even now through the devout contemplation of the divine majesty of Christ, and its influence upon those who contemplate it, 2 Corinthians 3:18; and this condition will include not only the blessedness of the soul, but also the gain of a more excellent body (1 Corinthians 15:43; Philippians 3:21); cf. Lipsius, Paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre, p. 203ff; ἡ δόξα τοῦ Θεοῦ, which God bestows, Romans 5:2; 1 Thessalonians 2:12; δόξα τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, the same in which Christ rejoices, 2 Thessalonians 2:14 (cf. Romans 8:17 etc.); εἰς δόξαν ἡμῶν, to render us partakers of δόξα, 1 Corinthians 2:7. Cf. Weiss, Biblical Theol. des N. T. § 76 d. The term encompasses honor, splendor, radiance, reputation, and the weight of intrinsic worth. It is used for divine majesty, the manifested presence of God, the exalted status of Christ, the goal of redemption, and the believer’s calling. All senses converge upon the central idea that glory belongs properly to God and is His to reveal, share, or withhold. Glory as the Manifest Presence of God From the heavenly host proclaiming, “Glory to God in the highest” (Luke 2:14), to the light that shone around the shepherds (Luke 2:9), glory denotes God’s self-disclosure. Stephen “gazed into heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God” (Acts 7:55). The same presence filled the Tabernacle and Temple (Exodus 40:34; 1 Kings 8:11 LXX uses 1391) and now fills the church: “to Him be the glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations” (Ephesians 3:21). Divine glory therefore moves from sanctuary to Savior to saints. The Glory Revealed in Jesus Christ “The Word became flesh… We have seen His glory” (John 1:14). Christ’s entire earthly ministry manifested glory—first sign at Cana (John 2:11), the Mount of Transfiguration (Luke 9:32), the cross (“now is the Son of Man glorified,” John 13:31), resurrection (Romans 6:4), and ascension (1 Timothy 3:16). The Father answers every petition of the Son that aims at mutual glorification (John 17:1-5, 22-24). In Him, glory is both revealed and bestowed; He is “the Lord of glory” (1 Corinthians 2:8). Glory in Salvation and Sanctification Justification introduces believers to “the hope of the glory of God” (Romans 5:2). Sanctification is a progressive transformation “from glory to glory” (2 Corinthians 3:18). Suffering functions as an instrument: “our light and momentary affliction is producing for us an eternal weight of glory far beyond comparison” (2 Corinthians 4:17; cf. Romans 8:18). The goal is full conformity to Christ: “When Christ, who is your life, appears, then you also will appear with Him in glory” (Colossians 3:4). Glory as the Church’s Guiding Principle Ethics: “Whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all to the glory of God” (1 Corinthians 10:31). Worship: the recurring doxologies—Romans 11:36; Galatians 1:5; Philippians 4:20—frame all ministry. Mission: the gospel is “for the praise of His glory” (Ephesians 1:12, 14). Leadership: gifted servants are “a glory to Christ” (2 Corinthians 8:23). Identity: believers are “our glory and joy” to their shepherds (1 Thessalonians 2:20). Contrasting False and Fading Glory Created splendor tempts one to idolatry (Matthew 4:8; Romans 1:23). Religious leaders sought “glory from one another” (John 5:44) and preferred human praise to God’s (John 12:43). Earthly beauty fades like grass (1 Peter 1:24), whereas divine glory endures. The old covenant, though glorious, had “no glory in comparison with the surpassing glory” of the new (2 Corinthians 3:10-11). Eschatological Glory Christ returns “in the glory of His Father with His angels” (Matthew 16:27). The nations will see “the Son of Man coming on the clouds with great power and glory” (Mark 13:26). The New Jerusalem “has no need of sun or moon… for the glory of God gives it light, and the Lamb is its lamp” (Revelation 21:23). Ultimately “the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the LORD as the waters cover the sea” (Habakkuk 2:14; cf. Isaiah 6:3). Glory and Doxology New Testament writers punctuate doctrine and exhortation with praise: “To the only wise God be glory forever through Jesus Christ! Amen” (Romans 16:27). These doxologies teach that theology must culminate in worship and that every blessing flows back to its source in honor. Ministry Significance Preaching proclaims Christ’s glory; pastoral care prepares saints for glory; sacraments signify glory; spiritual gifts operate “for the common good” and ultimately for divine glory (1 Peter 4:10-11). Discipline preserves glory by removing reproach. Mercy ministry causes observers to “glorify God on the day He visits us” (1 Peter 2:12). Practical Response 1. Faith: “He who raised the Lord Jesus will also raise us… for your benefit, so that grace… may cause thanksgiving to overflow to the glory of God” (2 Corinthians 4:14-15). Summary Glory permeates Scripture as the self-manifestation of God, climaxes in Christ, transforms believers, directs every act of worship and service, exposes vain substitutes, and will fill the renewed creation. All theology, mission, and life find their purpose and consummation in this single reality: “From Him and through Him and to Him are all things. To Him be the glory forever! Amen” (Romans 11:36). Englishman's Concordance Matthew 4:8 N-AFSGRK: καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν NAS: of the world and their glory; KJV: of the world, and the glory of them; INT: and the glory of them Matthew 6:13 Noun-NFS Matthew 6:29 N-DFS Matthew 16:27 N-DFS Matthew 19:28 N-GFS Matthew 24:30 N-GFS Matthew 25:31 N-DFS Matthew 25:31 N-GFS Mark 8:38 N-DFS Mark 10:37 N-DFS Mark 13:26 N-GFS Luke 2:9 N-NFS Luke 2:14 N-NFS Luke 2:32 N-AFS Luke 4:6 N-AFS Luke 9:26 N-DFS Luke 9:31 N-DFS Luke 9:32 N-AFS Luke 12:27 N-DFS Luke 14:10 N-NFS Luke 17:18 N-AFS Luke 19:38 N-NFS Luke 21:27 N-GFS Luke 24:26 N-AFS John 1:14 N-AFS Strong's Greek 1391 |
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