1 Corinthians 11
Berean Study Bible

Roles in Worship

You are to imitate me,

Paul calls the Corinthian believers to follow his example of faithful service, discipline, and devotion to the gospel. As their spiritual father, he had shown them how a believer should live amid the immorality and idolatry common in Corinth.

1Co 4:16 Therefore I urge you to imitate me.
Php 3:17 Join one another in following my example, brothers…
2Th 3:7 For you yourselves know how you ought to imitate us,…

just as I imitate Christ.

Paul does not present himself as the final standard; Christ is. Jesus’ humility, obedience to the Father, sacrificial love, and holiness governed Paul’s ministry and were to shape the conduct of the Corinthian church.

Jhn 13:15 I have set you an example so that you should do as I have…
1Pe 2:21 For to this you were called, because Christ also suffered…
Eph 5:1-2 Be imitators of God, therefore, as beloved children,…

Now I commend you for remembering me in everything

Paul opens with genuine approval for the Corinthians’ continued regard for his apostolic instruction. Though serious corrections follow, the church had not abandoned its connection to the apostle who first taught them the gospel and established their congregation.

Php 4:9 Whatever you have learned or received or heard from me…
Heb 13:7 Remember your leaders who spoke the word of God to you.…
1Co 4:17 That is why I have sent you Timothy, my beloved…

and for maintaining the traditions,

These were the authoritative teachings and practices Paul had delivered concerning Christian belief, conduct, worship, and church order. Before the New Testament writings were gathered together, churches depended on such apostolic instruction to preserve the faith faithfully.

2Th 2:15 Therefore, brothers, stand firm and cling to the traditions…
2Th 3:6 Now we command you, brothers, in the name of our Lord…
2Ti 3:14 But as for you, continue in the things you have learned…

just as I passed them on to you.

Paul had received and transmitted what belonged to the apostolic message, not ideas of his own invention. The Corinthians were responsible to retain that teaching unchanged, providing stability and continuity for the church amid the religious and moral pressures of Corinth.

1Co 15:3 For what I received I passed on to you: that Christ died…
2Ti 2:2 And the things that you have heard me say…
2Ti 1:13-14 Hold on to the pattern of sound teaching…

But I want you to understand

Paul calls the Corinthian church to recognize the order God has established for worship, family, and church life.

2Ti 2:7 Consider what I am saying, for the Lord will give you insight…
Col 2:2 that they may be encouraged in heart, knit together in love,…
Eph 1:17-18 that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father,…

that the head of every man is Christ,

Every man lives under Christ’s authority and is accountable to Him as Lord.

Eph 1:22-23 And God put everything under His feet and made Him head…
Col 1:18 And He is the head of the body, the church;…
Jhn 3:35 The Father loves the Son and has placed all things…

and the head of the woman is man,

God assigned men leadership responsibility in marriage and in the ordered life of the church, while women share equal worth and standing before God.

Eph 5:22-24 Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord.…
1Ti 2:13 For Adam was formed first, and then Eve.
Gen 2:18-23 It is not good for the man to be alone…

and the head of Christ is God.

The Son is fully divine and equal with the Father, yet in His incarnate mission He willingly submitted to the Father’s will, displaying perfect unity within the Godhead.

Jhn 14:28 You heard Me say, ‘I am going away, and I am coming back…
1Co 15:27-28 “God has put everything under His feet.”…
Jhn 5:19-23 So Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, the Son……

Every man who prays or prophesies

Public prayer and prophecy were recognized ministries in the worshiping assembly. Prayer brought petitions and praise before God, while prophecy communicated God’s revealed truth for the strengthening of the church. Men who took part were to do so in a manner consistent with their God-given place under Christ.

1Ti 2:8 Therefore I want the men everywhere to pray…
Act 2:17-18 In the last days, God says, I will pour out My Spirit…
Act 13:1 Now in the church at Antioch there were prophets…

with his head covered

In Corinthian society, an uncovered male head commonly represented honor, freedom, and public standing. Covering the head in worship could identify a man with practices that obscured the order God had established between Christ and man. Paul directs Christian worship away from customs that confused this order.

Lev 8:9 Moses also put the turban on Aaron’s head…
Exo 28:40 Make tunics, sashes, and headbands for Aaron’s sons,…
Ezk 44:18 They are to wear linen turbans on their heads…

dishonors his head.

A man who covers his head while praying or prophesying dishonors Christ, his spiritual head. Outward conduct in gathered worship was to reflect the authority of Christ and the distinctions God established in creation.

Jhn 8:49 “I do not have a demon,” Jesus replied…
Jhn 5:23 so that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father.…
Col 1:18 And He is the head of the body, the church;…

And every woman who prays or prophesies

Women in the Corinthian church prayed and prophesied in the gathered community. Their participation in these spiritual ministries was to be exercised in a manner consistent with God’s order for worship and the distinction between men and women.

Luk 2:36-38 There was also a prophetess named Anna, the daughter…
Act 2:17-18 In the last days, God says, I will pour out My Spirit…
Act 21:9 He had four unmarried daughters who prophesied.

with her head uncovered

In Corinth, a respectable woman ordinarily covered her head in public worship. The covering expressed modesty, sexual purity, and recognition of her husband’s authority where she was married.

Num 5:18 After the priest has the woman stand before the LORD…
Lev 21:10 The priest who is highest among his brothers,…
Lev 10:6 Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar,…

dishonors her head,

By setting aside the customary covering, she brought dishonor upon herself and, in the case of a married woman, upon her husband. Her outward appearance communicated disregard for the order God had established.

Eph 5:23-24 For the husband is the head of the wife…
1Pe 3:1-5 Wives, in the same way, submit yourselves to your husbands,…
Col 3:18 Wives, submit to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord.

for it is just as if her head were shaved.

A shaved head was associated with humiliation, grief, or public disgrace for a woman. Refusing the covering therefore carried the same shameful meaning in that cultural setting.

Deu 21:12 then you shall bring her into your house.…
Isa 3:24 Instead of fragrance there will be a stench;…
Mic 1:16 Shave yourselves bald and cut off your hair in mourning…

If a woman does not cover her head,

If a woman does not cover her head, she disregards the visible sign of modesty, honor, and submission expected of women in Corinthian worship. A covered head distinguished a woman who respected God’s order and the church’s public witness.

Gen 24:65 and asked the servant, “Who is that man in the field…
Gen 38:14-15 she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face…
Rut 3:15 And he told her, “Bring the shawl you are wearing…

she should have her hair cut off.

Paul presses the implication: refusing the covering placed her in the same category of public disgrace as a woman whose hair had been cut short or shaved. Such treatment could signify shame, mourning, or punishment.

Jer 7:29 Cut off your hair and throw it away. Raise up a lamentation…
Mic 1:16 Shave yourselves bald and cut off your hair in mourning…
Deu 21:12 then you shall bring her into your house.…

And if it is shameful for a woman to have her hair cut or shaved off,

The Corinthians understood that a woman’s hair was closely connected with her honor and femininity. Having it cut short or shaved off publicly carried an unmistakable social stigma.

Isa 3:17 the Lord will bring sores on the heads…
Isa 3:24 Instead of fragrance there will be a stench;…
2Sa 10:4-5 So Hanun took David’s servants, shaved off half…

she should cover her head.

The covering preserved her honor and visibly recognized the order God established in worship.

Sng 4:3 Your lips are like a scarlet ribbon, and your mouth…
Sng 5:7 I encountered the watchmen on their rounds of the city.…
Isa 47:2-3 Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil;…

A man ought not to cover his head,

In Corinthian public worship, an uncovered head marked the man’s responsibility to honor God openly. Paul directs men not to adopt a covering that would obscure the order God established in creation and in the gathered church.

Exo 34:33-35 When Moses had finished speaking with them,…
2Co 3:13-18 We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face…

since he is the image and glory of God;

Man was created to bear God’s image and to represent His authority in the world. As the first created, Adam received the charge to cultivate, guard, and govern under God’s rule.

Gen 1:26-27 Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image,…
Jas 3:9 With the tongue we bless our Lord and Father,…
Col 3:10 put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge…

but the woman is the glory of man.

Woman was formed from man and given to him as his corresponding helper and companion. She shares fully in God’s image while displaying the honor of the man from whom she was formed, reflecting God’s purposeful order in marriage and family.

Gen 2:18 It is not good for the man to be alone…
Pro 12:4 A wife of noble character is her husband’s crown,…
1Ti 2:13-14 For Adam was formed first, and then Eve.…

For man did not come from woman,

Adam was created directly by God before Eve. The order of creation establishes the foundation Paul gives for the distinct roles of men and women in worship, family, and church life.

1Ti 2:13 For Adam was formed first, and then Eve.
Gen 2:7 Then the LORD God formed man from the dust of the ground…
1Co 15:47 The first man was of the dust of the earth,…

but woman from man.

Eve was formed from Adam’s side as his suitable helper and companion. Her origin from man shows both the order established at creation and the unity God intended between husband and wife.

Gen 2:21-23 So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep,…
Mat 19:4-6 Jesus answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning…
Eph 5:31 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother…

Neither was man created for woman,

Adam was formed first, and Eve was later made from his side after God declared that it was not good for him to be alone. The order of creation establishes the distinct roles of husband and wife within God’s design for the family.

1Ti 2:13 For Adam was formed first, and then Eve.
Gen 2:7 Then the LORD God formed man from the dust of the ground…
Gen 2:20 The man gave names to all the livestock,…

but woman for man.

Eve was created as Adam’s suitable helper and companion, completing what was lacking in his solitary condition. Her creation for him affirms both her essential place beside him and the ordered relationship God established from the beginning.

Gen 2:18 It is not good for the man to be alone…
Gen 2:21-23 So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep,…
Gen 2:24 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother…

For this reason

Paul grounds the instruction in the created order, in which woman was made from man and for man.

Gen 2:18-24 It is not good for the man to be alone…
1Ti 2:13-14 For Adam was formed first, and then Eve.…
Eph 5:31-33 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother…

a woman ought to have a sign of authority on her head,

A head covering publicly expressed modesty, marital faithfulness, and recognition of God’s established order in Corinthian worship.

Gen 24:65 and asked the servant, “Who is that man in the field…
1Pe 3:1-5 Wives, in the same way, submit yourselves to your husbands,…
Tit 2:4-5 In this way they can train the young women…

because of the angels.

Angels attend and observe the worship of God’s people, making reverence and proper order in the assembly a serious matter.

1Ti 5:21 I solemnly charge you before God and Christ Jesus…
Heb 12:22-24 Instead, you have come to Mount Zion, to the city…
Rev 5:11-12 Then I looked, and I heard the voices of many angels…

In the Lord, however,

Christ governs the relationship between men and women, setting it within the new life and unity shared by all believers. Earthly customs and social rank do not define their standing before God.

Gal 3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free…
Col 3:11 Here there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised…
Eph 4:5-6 one Lord, one faith, one baptism;…

woman is not independent of man,

God created woman for man as a corresponding helper, and His design joins their lives in marriage, family, and the work of His people. She is not to be treated as separate from or unnecessary to him.

Gen 2:22-23 And from the rib that the LORD God had taken…
1Ti 2:13 For Adam was formed first, and then Eve.
1Co 12:14-21 For the body does not consist of one part, but of many.…

nor is man independent of woman.

Man likewise depends on woman according to God’s order, not least through motherhood and the continuation of human life. Though men and women have distinct roles, neither stands complete or sufficient apart from the other.

Gen 2:18 It is not good for the man to be alone…
Job 14:1 “Man, who is born of woman, is short of days…”…
1Pe 3:7 Husbands, in the same way, treat your wives…

For just as woman came from man,

Eve was formed from Adam in the beginning, establishing woman as his corresponding helper and showing the intended unity of man and woman in marriage.

Gen 2:21-23 So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep,…
1Ti 2:13 For Adam was formed first, and then Eve.

so also man is born of woman.

Since Eve, every man enters the world through a mother. The order of creation does not remove man’s dependence on woman, but shows their mutual need within God’s design.

Job 14:1 “Man, who is born of woman, is short of days…”…
Gal 4:4 But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son,…

But everything comes from God.

God is the Creator and giver of life, establishing both the order of creation and the ordinary means by which human life continues.

Rom 11:36 For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things.…
1Co 8:6 Yet for us there is but one God, the Father…
Act 17:25 Nor is He served by human hands, as if He needed anything,…

Judge for yourselves:

Paul appeals to the Corinthians’ own sense of what accords with God’s established order in worship. They were to consider the matter carefully rather than treat it as a minor social preference.

1Co 10:15 I speak to reasonable people; judge for yourselves…
Act 4:19 But Peter and John replied, “Judge for yourselves…
Luk 12:57 And why don’t you judge for yourselves what is right?

Is it proper for a woman to pray to God

Women participated in prayer and worship among the gathered believers. Their public conduct was to honor God and reflect modesty, purity, and respect for the order He ordained.

1Sa 1:10-13 In her bitter distress, Hannah prayed to the LORD…
1Ti 5:5 The widow who is truly in need and left all alone…
Luk 2:37 and then was a widow to the age of eighty-four.…

with her head uncovered?

In Corinth, an uncovered head could communicate disregard for moral and marital propriety. A covering visibly expressed a woman’s recognition of authority and her willingness to worship in a manner fitting for God’s people.

Num 5:18 After the priest has the woman stand before the LORD…
Gen 24:65 and asked the servant, “Who is that man in the field…
Rut 3:15 And he told her, “Bring the shawl you are wearing…

Doesn’t nature itself teach you

God’s created order makes the distinction between men and women evident and worthy of preservation.

Job 12:7-10 But ask the animals, and they will instruct you;…
Pro 6:6-8 Walk in the manner of the ant, O slacker;…
Psa 19:1-4 For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. The heavens declare……

that if a man has long hair,

In Corinthian society, long hair on a man commonly blurred accepted masculine appearance, apart from temporary vows such as the Nazarite vow.

Num 6:5 For the entire period of his vow of separation,…
Jdg 16:17 Samson told her all that was in his heart:…
2Sa 14:26 And when he cut the hair of his head—he shaved it every year…

it is a disgrace to him,

Paul addresses conduct that dishonored a man’s God-given identity and weakened the visible distinction between men and women within the church.

Ezk 44:20 They must not shave their heads or let their hair grow long.…
2Sa 10:4-5 So Hanun took David’s servants, shaved off half…
Jer 48:37 For every head is shaved and every beard is clipped;…

but that if a woman has long hair,

In Corinth, a woman’s long hair was widely recognized as a mark of femininity, modesty, and honor. It reflected the distinction God established between men and women in creation and upheld the propriety expected in public worship.

Ezk 16:7 I made you thrive like a plant of the field.…
1Ti 2:9-10 Likewise, I want the women to adorn themselves…
1Pe 3:3-4 Your beauty should not come from outward adornment,…

it is her glory?

Her hair was an honorable adornment, displaying the dignity proper to womanhood. Rather than diminishing her, this distinction affirmed the beauty and order God intended.

Pro 16:31 Gray hair is a crown of glory; it is attained…
Pro 20:29 The glory of young men is their strength, and gray hair…
Sng 7:5 Your head crowns you like Mount Carmel, the hair of your head…

For long hair is given to her

God has provided this natural distinction as part of His design. The differing appearance of men and women was not merely cultural custom but corresponded to the created order.

Mat 10:30 And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered.
Luk 12:7 And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered.…
Jas 1:17 Every good and perfect gift is from above…

as a covering.

A woman’s hair serves as her natural covering, supporting Paul’s teaching that outward appearance in worship should reflect honor, modesty, and the God-given distinction between the sexes.

Gen 24:65 and asked the servant, “Who is that man in the field…
Gen 38:14-15 she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face…
Rut 3:15 And he told her, “Bring the shawl you are wearing…

If anyone is inclined to dispute this,

Paul anticipates resistance to the order he has set forth for worship and answers it with apostolic authority. Public worship was not to be shaped by personal preference or local argument.

2Ti 2:23-24 But reject foolish and ignorant speculation,…
Tit 3:9 But avoid foolish controversies, genealogies, arguments,…
1Ti 6:4-5 he is conceited and understands nothing.…

we have no other practice,

Neither Paul nor those who served with him recognized a different order for the conduct of men and women in the gathered church.

1Co 7:17 Regardless, each one should lead the life…
1Co 4:17 That is why I have sent you Timothy, my beloved…
2Th 2:15 Therefore, brothers, stand firm and cling to the traditions…

nor do the churches of God.

The Corinthian believers were not free to depart from the shared practice of the congregations established under apostolic teaching. Unity in worship reflected submission to the same Lord and the same revealed order.

1Th 2:14 For you, brothers, became imitators of the churches of God…
2Th 1:4 That is why we boast among God’s churches…
1Co 14:33 For God is not a God of disorder, but of peace—…

Sharing in the Lord’s Supper

In the following instructions

Paul turns to matters requiring correction in the church’s worship and shared life.

1Th 4:1 Finally, brothers, we ask and encourage you…
2Th 3:4 And we have confidence in the Lord that you…
2Th 3:14 Take note of anyone who does not obey the instructions…

I have no praise to offer,

Unlike his earlier commendation, Paul cannot approve of their conduct because serious disorder has taken root among them.

Rev 2:4 But I have this against you: You have abandoned…
Rev 3:15-16 I know your deeds; you are neither cold nor hot.…
Rev 3:1 I know your deeds; you have a reputation for being alive…

because your gatherings

Their assemblies, especially those connected with the Lord’s Supper, had become marked by division, selfishness, and disregard for fellow believers.

Heb 10:25 Let us not neglect meeting together, as some…
Jas 2:2 Suppose a man comes into your meeting…
Act 20:7 On the first day of the week we came together…

do more harm than good.

Rather than strengthening the church in unity and faith, their conduct was damaging the congregation and dishonoring the purpose of meeting together.

2Ti 2:14 Remind the believers of these things, charging them…
Tit 3:9-11 But avoid foolish controversies, genealogies, arguments,…
Jas 3:16 For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist,…

First of all,

Paul begins with a serious concern affecting the church’s worship and fellowship. He will address additional disorders, but the divisions among them require immediate attention.

1Ti 2:1 First of all, then, I urge that petitions, prayers…
2Pe 1:20 Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture…
1Co 15:3 For what I received I passed on to you: that Christ died…

I hear that when you come together as a church,

The Corinthian believers gathered regularly, likely in homes, for worship, instruction, prayer, and the Lord’s Supper. Their meetings were meant to display their unity in Christ.

1Co 14:23 So if the whole church comes together and everyone speaks…
Heb 10:25 Let us not neglect meeting together, as some…
Act 20:7 On the first day of the week we came together…

there are divisions among you,

Social standing, wealth, and personal loyalties had created factions within the congregation. Such separation contradicted their shared identity as one body under Christ.

1Co 1:10 I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord…
Rom 16:17 Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who…
Tit 3:10 Reject a divisive man after a first and second admonition,

and in part I believe it.

Reports from Corinth were credible enough that Paul could not ignore them, though he allows that not every detail may be fully accurate. He addresses the matter as a real and damaging problem within the church.

1Co 13:12 Now we see but a dim reflection as in a mirror;…
1Co 13:9 For we know in part and we prophesy in part,
1Ti 5:19 Do not entertain an accusation against an elder…

And indeed, there must be differences among you

Corinth’s diverse population and the believers’ differing loyalties, customs, and spiritual maturity had produced factions within the church. Such divisions were sinful, yet God used them to expose attitudes and distinguish those who remained faithful to apostolic truth.

Rom 16:17 Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who…
Gal 5:20 idolatry and sorcery; hatred, discord, jealousy…
Act 20:30 Even from your own number, men will rise up…

to show which of you are approved.

Conflict and testing revealed the character of those whose faith was genuine. Those approved were not made righteous by enduring division, but were shown to be steadfast in obedience, humility, and devotion to Christ amid the church’s disorder.

2Ti 2:15 Make every effort to present yourself approved to God,…
2Co 10:18 For it is not the one who commends himself who is approved,…
1Pe 1:7 so that the proven character of your faith…

Now then, when you come together,

Paul refers to the congregation assembling for worship and fellowship, likely in a home. Their gatherings were intended to display their shared life in Christ, but divisions between wealthy and poor believers had corrupted that purpose.

1Co 14:26 What then shall we say, brothers? When you come together,…
Act 20:7 On the first day of the week we came together…
Heb 10:25 Let us not neglect meeting together, as some…

it is not the Lord’s Supper you eat.

Although they gathered around a meal connected with Communion, their selfish conduct denied its meaning. Some ate abundantly while others were left hungry, turning a remembrance of Christ’s sacrificial death into an occasion of inequality and disorder.

1Co 10:16-17 Is not the cup of blessing that we bless…
Luk 22:19-20 And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it,…
Mat 26:26-28 While they were eating, Jesus took bread…

For as you eat, each of you goes ahead without sharing his meal.

The Lord’s Supper was commonly observed in connection with a shared meal among believers, sometimes called an agape feast, or “love feast.” In Corinth, wealthier members began eating and drinking before poorer believers arrived, keeping their food for themselves rather than receiving the meal as a united church. Their conduct denied the fellowship and equality represented by Christ’s sacrifice and treated fellow Christians with contempt.

Jas 2:15-16 Suppose a brother or sister is without clothes…
1Co 10:24 No one should seek his own good, but the good of others.
Luk 14:12-14 Then Jesus said to the man who had invited Him,…

While one remains hungry, another gets drunk.

Some believers had little or no food, while others indulged excessively. Such division turned a gathering meant to express the church’s unity into an occasion of selfishness and humiliation. Their actions disregarded both the needs of the poor and the holiness of the Lord’s Supper.

Luk 16:19-21 Now there was a rich man dressed in purple and fine linen,…
Luk 12:45-46 But suppose that servant says in his heart,…
Eph 5:18 Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to…

Don’t you have your own homes in which to eat and drink?

The Corinthians had turned the gathering of the church into an occasion for satisfying private appetites. The Lord’s Supper was to remember Christ’s sacrifice and express the shared fellowship of His body, not to serve as an ordinary meal for those who could provide for themselves.

Act 2:46 With one accord they continued to meet daily…
1Co 10:31 So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do…

Or do you despise the church of God and humiliate those who have nothing?

Wealthier believers were eating their own food while poorer members, often arriving later after work, were left without enough. Their conduct divided the congregation and shamed fellow Christians whom Christ had received equally.

Jas 2:1-6 My brothers, as you hold out your faith…
Pro 17:5 He who mocks the poor insults their Maker…

What can I say to you?

Paul’s rebuke reflects the seriousness of their disregard for the church and for one another. Their actions could not be defended as ignorance or harmless disorder.

1Co 4:21 Which do you prefer? Shall I come to you with a rod…
2Co 12:20-21 For I am afraid that when I come, I may not find you…

Shall I praise you for this?

The conduct at Corinth stood in direct opposition to the unity, love, and reverence required when believers gather in Christ’s name.

2Co 10:18 For it is not the one who commends himself who is approved,…
1Co 4:5 Therefore judge nothing before the appointed time;…

No, I will not!

Paul refuses to approve behavior that corrupts the purpose of the Lord’s Supper and dishonors members of Christ’s body.

2Co 13:2 I already warned you the second time I was with you.…
Rev 3:16 So because you are lukewarm—neither hot nor cold…

For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you:

Paul presents the Lord’s Supper as truth received from Christ and faithfully delivered to the church. His instruction carries apostolic authority and preserves the original meaning of the ordinance.

1Co 15:3 For what I received I passed on to you: that Christ died…
Gal 1:12 I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it;…
2Th 2:15 Therefore, brothers, stand firm and cling to the traditions…

The Lord Jesus,

Jesus is both the sovereign Lord and the incarnate Son who entered human history to save sinners. As the mediator between God and humanity, He alone established this memorial.

1Co 8:6 Yet for us there is but one God, the Father…
Act 2:36 Therefore let all Israel know that God has made…
Php 2:11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord,…

on the night He was betrayed,

The meal occurred during Passover, shortly before Judas delivered Jesus to the authorities. Against the backdrop of Israel’s deliverance from Egypt, Jesus prepared to offer Himself as the true sacrificial Lamb.

Jhn 13:21-30 After Jesus had said this, He became troubled in spirit…
Luk 22:21-23 Look! The hand of My betrayer is with Mine on the table.…
Mrk 14:18-21 And while they were reclining and eating, Jesus said…

took bread,

Jesus used the ordinary Passover bread to signify His body, soon to be given in death. The act pointed forward to His crucifixion and the life secured through His sacrifice.

Mat 26:26 While they were eating, Jesus took bread…
Mrk 14:22 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing……
Luk 22:19 And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it,…

and when He had given thanks,

Jesus gave thanks to God before distributing the bread, following the customary pattern of a Jewish meal and setting apart the moment for what was to follow.

Mat 15:36 Taking the seven loaves and the fish, He gave thanks…
Mrk 8:6 And He instructed the crowd to sit down on the ground.…
Jhn 6:11 Then Jesus took the loaves and the fish, gave thanks…

He broke it

The bread was broken and shared among the disciples, pointing to His body soon to be given in suffering and death and signifying unity and fellowship among believers.

Mat 26:26 While they were eating, Jesus took bread…
Mrk 14:22 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing……
Luk 24:30 While He was reclining at the table, He took bread…

and said, “This is My body,

Jesus identified the bread with His body, instituting the Lord’s Supper as the sign of His sacrificial death.

Luk 22:19 And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it,…
1Co 10:16 Is not the cup of blessing that we bless…
Jhn 6:51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven…

which is for you;

His body would be given on behalf of His people, bearing the cost of their salvation.

1Pe 2:24 He Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree…
Gal 2:20 I have been crucified with Christ, and I no longer live,…
Rom 5:8 But God proves His love for us in this:…

do this in remembrance of Me.”

He commanded His followers to continue this observance, remembering His death and the covenant established through His sacrifice.

2Ti 2:8 Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead,…
Exo 12:14 And this day will be a memorial for you,…
Deu 16:3 You must not eat leavened bread with it; for seven days…

In the same way, after supper He took the cup, saying,

Jesus continued the Passover meal by taking the cup after supper, likely the cup associated with redemption. In this setting, He directed attention from Israel’s deliverance from Egypt to the greater deliverance He would accomplish through His death.

Mat 26:27 Then He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them…
Mrk 14:23 Then He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them…
Luk 22:20 In the same way, after supper He took the cup, saying,…

“This cup is the new covenant in My blood;

Jesus established the promised new covenant, a renewed relationship between God and humanity, through His sacrificial blood. As the Passover lamb’s blood marked Israel for deliverance, His blood provides forgiveness and reconciliation with God for all who believe.

Jer 31:31-34 Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD,…
Heb 8:8-13 But God found fault with the people and said:…
Heb 9:15 Therefore Christ is the mediator of a new covenant,…

do this, as often as you drink it,

He commanded His followers to continue this observance regularly. The Lord’s Supper was to remain part of the church’s worship without prescribing a fixed frequency.

1Co 10:16 Is not the cup of blessing that we bless…
1Co 10:21 You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons…
Mat 26:29 I will not drink of this fruit of the vine…

in remembrance of Me.”

Believers remember Christ’s death and the salvation secured through it. The meal keeps His sacrifice central to the life and faith of the church.

Luk 22:19 And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it,…
Exo 12:14 And this day will be a memorial for you,…
2Ti 2:8 Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead,…

For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup,

As often as believers eat the bread and drink the cup, they observe the Lord’s Supper as Jesus instituted it on the night before His crucifixion. The bread and cup commemorate His body given and His blood shed, while the shared meal expresses the unity of those who belong to Him.

Luk 22:19-20 And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it,…
Mat 26:26-28 While they were eating, Jesus took bread…
Mrk 14:22-24 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing……

you proclaim the Lord’s death

Each observance publicly declares that salvation rests on Christ’s sacrificial death for sin. In Communion, the church remembers the cross and corporately confesses the gospel by proclaiming the Lord’s death until he returns.

1Co 15:3-4 For what I received I passed on to you: that Christ died…
1Co 1:23 but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews…
Rom 5:8 But God proves His love for us in this:…

until He comes.

The ordinance continues throughout the present age and points ahead to Christ’s visible return. It joins remembrance of His first coming with expectation of the day He establishes His kingdom in fullness.

1Th 4:16-17 For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven…
Jhn 14:3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back…
Act 1:11 “Men of Galilee,” they said, “why do you stand here”…

Therefore, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner

The Lord’s Supper was instituted by Jesus on the night before His crucifixion as a memorial of His body given and His blood shed for sinners. In Corinth, believers were treating the church meal with selfishness, division, and disregard for poorer members. Such conduct contradicted the meaning of the meal. Participation requires reverence, self-examination, and recognition of Christ’s sacrifice, not personal perfection or merit.

Mat 26:26-28 While they were eating, Jesus took bread…
Mrk 14:22-24 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing……
Luk 22:19-20 And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it,…

will be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord.

To treat the bread and cup carelessly is to dishonor the sacrifice they proclaim. Christ offered Himself once for sin, fulfilling the need for sacrifice and securing redemption through His blood. Irreverent participation treats that sacrifice as common and brings serious guilt before the Lord.

Heb 10:29 How much more severely do you think one deserves…
Jhn 6:53-56 So Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I tell you,…
1Co 10:16-17 Is not the cup of blessing that we bless…

Each one must examine himself

Paul calls every believer to honest self-assessment before participating in the Lord’s Supper. In Corinth, divisions, selfishness, and disregard for fellow believers had corrupted the church’s shared meal. Participants were to consider their conduct, motives, and relationships, turning from sin and restoring fellowship where needed. The Greek word for “examine” (δοκιμάζω) implies testing or proving, like metals tested for purity.

2Co 13:5 Examine yourselves to see whether you are in the faith;…
Lam 3:40 Let us examine and test our ways, and turn back to the LORD.
Psa 139:23-24 Search me, O God, and know my heart; test me…

before he eats of the bread

The bread remembers Christ’s body given in His sacrificial death. Eating it declares participation in the church’s common faith and unity in Christ, not merely attendance at a religious meal.

Mat 26:26 While they were eating, Jesus took bread…
Mrk 14:22 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing……
1Co 10:17 Because there is one loaf, we who are many are one body;…

and drinks of the cup.

The cup remembers the new covenant established through Christ’s blood, shed for the forgiveness of sins. Drinking it proclaims trust in His atoning death and acknowledges the believer’s covenant relationship with Him and His people.

Mat 26:27-28 Then He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them…
Luk 22:20 In the same way, after supper He took the cup, saying,…
1Co 10:16 Is not the cup of blessing that we bless…

For anyone who eats and drinks

The Lord’s Supper, instituted by Jesus on the night before His crucifixion, commemorates His sacrificial death and the new covenant established through His blood. Believers shared this meal as an expression of their common faith and fellowship in Christ.

Mat 26:26-28 While they were eating, Jesus took bread…
Mrk 14:22-24 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing……
Luk 22:19-20 And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it,…

without recognizing the body

Participants were to approach the meal with reverence for Christ’s body given for sin and with regard for the gathered church, His body. The Corinthians had allowed division, selfishness, and disregard for poorer believers to corrupt their gatherings.

1Co 10:16-17 Is not the cup of blessing that we bless…
1Co 12:12-13 The body is a unit, though it is composed of many parts…
Eph 4:4-6 There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called…

eats and drinks judgment on himself.

Such irreverence brought God’s disciplinary judgment rather than automatic eternal condemnation. Some in Corinth had experienced weakness, sickness, and death as a sober correction for treating the Lord’s Supper carelessly.

Heb 10:29-31 How much more severely do you think one deserves…
Rom 14:22-23 Keep your belief about such matters between yourself and God…
Rom 2:5-6 But because of your hard and unrepentant heart,…

That is why

Paul connects the Corinthians’ irreverence at the Lord’s Supper with God’s discipline. Their divisions, selfishness, and disregard for fellow believers showed contempt for Christ and for the meaning of the meal.

1Pe 4:17 For it is time for judgment to begin with the family of God;…
Heb 12:6 For the Lord disciplines the one He loves,…
1Jn 5:16 If anyone sees his brother committing a sin…

many among you are weak and sick,

Physical weakness and illness had come upon many in the congregation as a serious warning from God. Their condition called for honest self-examination and repentance.

Jas 5:14-16 Is any one of you sick? He should call the elders…
Psa 38:3-8 There is no soundness in my body because of Your anger;…
Deu 28:22 The LORD will strike you with wasting disease…

and a number of you have fallen asleep.

Some had died under this discipline. “Fallen asleep” speaks of death while preserving the believer’s hope of resurrection.

1Co 15:18 Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ…
1Th 4:13-14 Brothers, we do not want you to be uninformed…
Act 7:60 Falling on his knees, he cried out in a loud voice,…

Now if we judged ourselves properly,

Paul calls the Corinthians to examine their conduct before sharing in the Lord’s Supper. Their divisions, selfishness, and disregard for poorer believers showed contempt for Christ’s body and for the church He purchased. Honest self-examination, repentance, and changed conduct would bring their worship back under God’s order.

2Co 13:5 Examine yourselves to see whether you are in the faith;…
Gal 6:4 Each one should test his own work. Then he will…
Lam 3:40 Let us examine and test our ways, and turn back to the LORD.

we would not come under judgment.

God had already disciplined some in Corinth with weakness, sickness, and death because they approached the meal in an unworthy manner. Those who recognize and turn from sin need not face such corrective discipline.

Jhn 5:24 Truly, truly, I tell you, whoever hears My word…
Rom 8:1 Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those…
1Jn 3:21 Beloved, if our hearts do not condemn us,…

But when we are judged by the Lord,

Paul explains that the sickness and deaths among some Corinthians were acts of the Lord’s temporal judgment for their irreverence and selfishness at the Lord’s Supper. Unlike final condemnation, this corrective judgment addressed genuine believers as members of God’s household.

1Pe 4:17 For it is time for judgment to begin with the family of God;…
Heb 12:5 And you have forgotten the exhortation…
Psa 94:12 Blessed is the man You discipline, O LORD,…

we are being disciplined

The Lord’s discipline corrects sin and calls His people back to obedience. It is severe when necessary, yet it is directed toward restoration rather than destruction. The Corinthians were to recognize their sin, examine themselves, and honor both Christ and His church.

Heb 12:6 For the Lord disciplines the one He loves,…
Pro 3:11-12 My son, do not reject the discipline of the LORD,…
Rev 3:19 Those I love I rebuke and discipline. Therefore be earnest…

so that we will not be condemned with the world.

God’s corrective judgment distinguishes His people from the unbelieving world, which remains under final judgment. Those who belong to Christ are not destined for condemnation, but are disciplined in this life so that they may walk faithfully before Him.

Rom 8:1 Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those…
1Th 5:9 For God has not appointed us to suffer wrath,…
2Th 1:6-9 After all, it is only right for God to repay with affliction…

So, my brothers,

Paul addresses the Corinthian believers as members of God’s household, calling them to act with the care and unity fitting for a church family.

1Co 1:10 I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord…
Gal 6:1 Brothers, if someone is caught in a trespass,…
Rom 12:10 Be devoted to one another in brotherly love.…

when you come together

Their assemblies included worship, instruction, prayer, and the observance of the Lord’s Supper.

1Co 14:26 What then shall we say, brothers? When you come together,…
Heb 10:25 Let us not neglect meeting together, as some…
Act 20:7 On the first day of the week we came together…

to eat,

“To eat” refers to the shared meal, which had been marred by selfishness as some ate and drank without regard for poorer believers who arrived later.

1Co 10:16-17 Is not the cup of blessing that we bless…
Luk 22:19-20 And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it,…
Act 2:42 They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching…

wait for one another.

They were to receive one another with consideration so that the meal would express their common faith in Christ rather than expose divisions within the church.

1Co 10:24 No one should seek his own good, but the good of others.
Php 2:3-4 Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride,…
Rom 15:1-2 We who are strong ought to bear with the shortcomings…

If anyone is hungry, he should eat at home,

The Lord’s Supper was not to be treated as an ordinary meal or an occasion for self-indulgence. Though believers may have shared meals together, personal hunger should be satisfied beforehand so that the church could gather with reverence and consideration for one another.

Act 2:46 With one accord they continued to meet daily…
Rom 14:20-21 Do not destroy the work of God for the sake of food.…
1Co 10:31 So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do…

so that when you come together it will not result in judgment.

Their selfish conduct had dishonored Christ’s ordinance, divided the congregation, and brought God’s discipline upon some. The assembly was to display unity, gratitude, and respect for the sacrifice of Christ rather than expose social divisions between the wealthy and the poor.

1Co 14:26 What then shall we say, brothers? When you come together,…
Heb 10:25-27 Let us not neglect meeting together, as some…
Rom 14:10-12 Why, then, do you judge your brother? Or why…

And when I come, I will give instructions about the remaining matters.

Paul would address other concerns personally when he visited Corinth. His planned instruction reflects his apostolic responsibility to correct disorder and establish faithful practice within the church.

Tit 1:5 The reason I left you in Crete was that you would…
1Th 3:10-11 Night and day we pray most earnestly that we may see you…
1Ti 3:14-15 Although I hope to come to you soon, I am writing you…

This is a draft of the Berean Study Bible. Please send all comments and recommendations to bereanstudybible@aol.com.



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