Strong's Lexicon an: often untranslated, but can imply "if," "would," "might," or "should" depending on the context. Original Word: ἄν Word Origin: A primary particle, denoting a supposition, wish, possibility, or uncertainty. Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: While there is no direct Hebrew equivalent for the Greek particle ἄν, similar conditional expressions can be found in Hebrew using words like אִם (im, "if") or לוּ (lu, "if only"). Usage: The Greek particle ἄν is used to express conditionality or contingency in a statement. It often accompanies verbs in the subjunctive mood, indicating potential or hypothetical situations. It is a versatile particle that can modify the meaning of a sentence to express uncertainty or a condition that is not yet realized. Cultural and Historical Background: In Koine Greek, the language of the New Testament, particles like ἄν were crucial for conveying nuances in meaning, especially in conditional sentences. The use of ἄν reflects the Greek language's ability to express complex ideas about possibility and potentiality, which were important in both philosophical discourse and everyday communication in the ancient world. HELPS Word-studies 302 án – a conditional particle expressing possibility, based on a preexisting condition (stipulation, prerequisite). This adds an important theoretical (hypothetical) sense to a statement which narrows down the sense of that statement. 302 (an) "indicates what can (could) occur – but only on certain conditions, or by the combination of certain fortuitous causes" (J. Thayer). Only the context determines how 302 (án) "limits" ("conditions") the statement by the possibility (condition) involved. Accordingly, 302 (án) is often called the "untranslatable particle." However, it always influences ("conditions") its sentence and is key to properly understanding the verse (passage) in which it occurs. [Though 302 (án) is not easily "translatable," it always conveys important meaning. (The KJV sometimes translates an as "perchance," "haply.") 302 (an) is used about 300 times in the NT, introducing statements that have conditional or hypothetical meaning.] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. conditional particle Definition usually untranslatable, but generally denoting supposition, wish, possibility or uncertainty NASB Translation however* (1), if (4), unless* (1), what* (3), whatever* (9), whenever* (1), wherever* (1), whoever* (38), whomever* (5). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 302: ἄν (1)ἄν (1), a particle indicating that something can or could occur on certain conditions, or by the combination of certain fortuitous causes. In Latin it has no equivalent; nor do the English haply, perchance, German wohl (wol),etwa, exactly and everywhere correspond to it. The use of this particle in the N. T., illustrated by copious examples from Greek writers, is shown by Winers Grammar, § 42; (cf. Buttmann, 216ff (186ff). Its use in classic Greek is fully exhibited (by Prof. Goodwin) in Liddell and Scott, under the word). It is joined: I. in the apodoses of hypothetical sentences 1. with the imperfect, where the Latin uses the imperfect subjunctive, e. g. Luke 7:39 (ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν, sciret, he would know); Luke 17:6 (ἐλέγετε ἄν ye would say); Matthew 23:30 (non essemus, we should not have been); John 5:46; John 8:42; John 9:41; John 15:19; John 18:36; 1 Corinthians 11:31; Galatians 1:10; Galatians 3:21 (but WH marginal reading brackets); Hebrews 4:8; Hebrews 8:4, 7. 2. with the indicative aorist (where the Latin uses the pluperfect subjunctive like the future perfect subjunctive, I would have done it), to express what would have been, if this or that either were (εἰ with the imperfect in the protasis preceding), or had been (εἰ with the aorist or pluperfect preceding): Matthew 11:21 and Luke 10:13 (ἄν μετενόησαν they would have repented; Matthew 11:23; Matthew 12:7 (ye would not have condemned); Matthew 24:43 (he would have watched), 22 and Mark 13:20 (no one would have been saved, i. e. all even now would have to be regarded as those who had perished; cf. Winer's Grammar, 304 (286)); John 4:10 (thou wouldst have asked); John 14:2 (εἶπον ἄν I would have said so); John 14:28 (ye would have rejoiced); Romans 9:29 (we should have become); 1 Corinthians 2:8; Galatians 4:15 (R G); Acts 18:14. Sometimes the condition is not expressly stated, but is easily gathered from what is said: Luke 19:23 and Matthew 25:27 (I should have received it back with interest, namely, if thou hadst given it to the bankers). 3. with the pluperfect: John 11:21 (R Tr marginal reading) (οὐκ ἄν ἐτεθνήκει (L T Tr text WH ἀπέθανεν) would not have died, for which, in John 11:32, the aorist οὐκ ἄν ἀπέθανε); John 14:7 (not Tdf.) (εἰ with the pluperfect preceding); 1 John 2:19 (they would have remained with us). Sometimes (as in Greek writings, especially the later) ἄν is omitted, in order to intimate that the thing wanted but little (imperfect) or had wanted but little (pluperfect or aorist) of being done, which yet was not done because the condition was not fulfilled (cf. Alex. Alexander Buttmann (1873) in the Studien und Kritiken for 1858, p. 489ff; (N. T. Gram., p. 225 (194)); Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., 33; Winer's Grammar, § 42, 2, p. 305 (286)), e. g. John 8:39 (where the ἄν is spurious); John 15:22, 24; John 19:11; Acts 26:32; Romans 7:7; Galatians 4:15 (ἄν before ἐδώκατέ has been correctly expunged by L T Tr WH). II. Joined to relative pronouns, relative adverbs, and adverbs of time and quality, it has the same force as the Latincumque orcunque, -ever, -soever (German irgend,etwa). 1. followed by a past tense of the indicative, when some matter of fact, something certain, is spoken of; where, "when the thing itself which is said to have been done is certain, the notion of uncertainty involved in ἄν belongs rather to the relative, whether pronoun or particle" (Klotz ad Der., p. 145) (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 42, 3 a.); ὅσοι ἄν as many as: Mark 6:56 (ὅσοι ἄν ἥπτοντο (ἥψαντο L text T Tr text WH) αὐτοῦ as many as touched him (cf. Buttmann, 216 (187))); Mark 11:24 (ὅσα ἄν προσευχόμενοι αἰτεῖσθε (Griesbach omits ἄν), but L text T Tr WH have rightly restored ὅσα προσεύχεσθε καί αἰτεῖσθε). καθότι ἄν in so far or so often as, according as (German jenachdemgerade): Acts 2:45; Acts 4:35. ὡς ἄν: 1 Corinthians 12:2 (in whatever manner ye were led (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 13; 383 (329f))). 2. followed by a subjunctive, a. the present, concerning that which may have been done, or is usually or constantly done (where the German usesmögen); ἡνίκα ἄν whensoever, as often as": 2 Corinthians 3:15 L T Tr WH; ὅς ἄν whoever, be he who he may: Matthew 16:25 (L T Tr WH ἐάν); (Mark 8:35 (where T Tr WH future indicative; see WH's Appendix, p. 172)); Luke 10:5 (L T Tr WH aorist); Luke 10:8; Galatians 5:17 (T Tr WH ἐάν, L brackets ἐάν); 1 John 2:5; 1 John 3:17; Romans 9:15 (Exodus 33:19); Romans 16:2; 1 Corinthians 11:27 etc. ὅστις ἄν: 1 Corinthians 16:2 (Tr WH ἐάν; WH marginal reading aorist); Colossians 3:17 (L text Tr WH ἐάν). ὅσοι ἄν: Matthew 7:12 (T WH ἐάν); b. the aorist, where the Latin uses the future perfect; ὅς ἄν: Matthew 5:21, 22 (εἴπῃ whoever, if ever anyone shall have said); Matthew 5:31f (in Matthew 5:32 L T Tr WH read πᾶς ὁ ἀπολύων); Matthew 10:11; Matthew 26:48 (Tdf. ἐάν); Mark 3:29, 35; Mark 9:41, etc. ὅστις ἄν: Matthew 10:33 (L Tr WH text omit ἄν); III. ἄν is joined to the optative (Winers Grammar, 303 (284); Buttmann, 217 (188)); when a certain condition is laid down, as in wishes, I would that etc.: Acts 26:29 (εὐξαίμην (Tdf. εὐξάμην) ἄν, I could pray, namely, did it depend on me); in direct questions (Winers Grammar, the passage cited; Buttmann, 254 (219)): Acts 8:31 (πῶς ἄν δυναίμην; i. e. on what condition, by what possibility, could I? cf. Xenophon, oec. 11, 5); Acts 17:18 (τί ἄν θέλοι ... λέγειν what would he say? it being assumed that he wishes to utter some definite notion or other); Acts 2:12 R G; independent sentences and indirect questions in which the narrator introduces another's thought (Winers Grammar, § 42, 4; Buttmann, the passage cited]: Luke 1:62; Luke 6:11; Luke 9:46; (Luke 15:26 L brackets Tr WH; cf. Luke 18:36 Lbr. Trbr. WH marginal reading); Acts 5:24; Acts 10:17; Acts 17:20 R G. IV. ἄν is found without a mood in 1 Corinthians 7:5 (εἰ μή τί ἄν (WH brackets ἄν), except perhaps, namely, γένοιτο (but cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) as below)). ὡς ἄν, adverbially,tanquam (so already the Vulg.), as if: 2 Corinthians 10:9 (like ὥσπερ ἄν in Greek writings; cf. Kühner, 2:210 (sec. 398 Anm. 4; Jelf, § 430); Buttmann, 219 (189); (Liddell and Scott, under the word, D. III.)). STRONGS NT 302: ἄν (2)ἄν (2), contracted from ἐάν, if; followed by the subjunctive: John 20:23 (Lachmann ἐάν. Also by the (present) indicative in 1 John 5:15 Lachmann; see Buttmann, 223 (192); Winers Grammar, 295 (277)). Further, L T Tr WH have received ἄν in John 13:20; John 16:23; (so WH John 12:32; cf. Winers Grammar, 291 (274); Buttmann, 72 (63)). A primary particle, denoting a supposition, wish, possibility or uncertainty -- (what-, where-, wither-, who-)soever. Usually unexpressed except by the subjunctive or potential mood. Also contracted for ean. see GREEK ean Englishman's Concordance Matthew 2:13 PrtclGRK: ἐκεῖ ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι KJV: there until I bring thee INT: there until anyhow I should tell you Matthew 5:18 Prtcl Matthew 5:18 Prtcl Matthew 5:19 Prtcl Matthew 5:21 Prtcl Matthew 5:22 Prtcl Matthew 5:22 Prtcl Matthew 5:26 Prtcl Matthew 5:31 Prtcl Matthew 10:11 Prtcl Matthew 10:11 Prtcl Matthew 10:14 Prtcl Matthew 10:23 Prtcl Matthew 10:33 Prtcl Matthew 10:42 Prtcl Matthew 11:21 Prtcl Matthew 11:23 Prtcl Matthew 12:7 Prtcl Matthew 12:20 Prtcl Matthew 12:32 Prtcl Matthew 12:50 Prtcl Matthew 15:5 Prtcl Matthew 16:25 Prtcl Matthew 16:28 Prtcl Matthew 18:6 Prtcl |
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