Isaiah 40
Berean Study Bible

Prepare the Way for the LORD

“Comfort, comfort My people,”

The Lord turns from judgment to the promised restoration of His people. Though Babylonian exile would bring severe discipline, it would not end God’s covenant relationship with Judah. The repeated command announces certain consolation grounded in God’s purpose to restore, forgive, and bring His people home.

Isa 49:13 Shout for joy, O heavens; rejoice, O earth;…
Isa 52:9 Break forth in joy, sing together, O ruins of Jerusalem,…
Isa 51:3 For the LORD will comfort Zion and will look with compassion…

says your God.

The Lord still identifies Himself as Israel’s God, assuring the exiles that they had not been abandoned. Their captivity would be the consequence of sin, but God’s faithfulness and authority remained unchanged.

Isa 51:22 Thus says your Lord, the LORD, even your God,…
Exo 20:2 I am the LORD your God, who brought you out…
Ezk 34:31 “You are My flock, the sheep of My pasture,”…

“Speak tenderly to Jerusalem,

God announces comfort to Jerusalem after the judgment of exile. Though the city had suffered because of Judah’s rebellion, the Lord had not abandoned His covenant people. Jerusalem stands for the restored community of Israel, now addressed with compassion and hope.

Hos 2:14 Therefore, behold, I will allure her and lead her to the wilderness,…
Isa 66:13 As a mother comforts her son, so will I comfort you,…
Isa 52:9 Break forth in joy, sing together, O ruins of Jerusalem,…

and proclaim to her that her forced labor has been completed;

The appointed season of discipline had reached its end. Babylonian captivity was not accidental but came under God’s rule, and its conclusion would likewise occur according to His purpose.

Lam 4:22 O Daughter of Zion, your punishment is complete;…
Jer 29:10 For this is what the LORD says: When Babylon’s seventy years…
2Ch 36:22-23 In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia,…

her iniquity has been pardoned.

God Himself provides forgiveness for the sin that brought judgment upon the nation. Their restoration depended not on their merit but on His mercy and faithfulness to His promises.

Isa 44:22 I have blotted out your transgressions like a cloud…
Jer 31:34 No longer will each man teach his neighbor or his brother…
Mic 7:18-19 Who is a God like You, who pardons iniquity…

For she has received from the hand of the LORD double for all her sins.”

Jerusalem had received the full consequence of her sin under the Lord’s righteous judgment. The punishment was complete, clearing the way for the people’s return and the rebuilding of the city.

Jer 16:18 And I will first repay them double their iniquity…
Rev 18:6 Give back to her as she has done to others;…
Zec 9:12 Return to your stronghold, O prisoners of hope;…

A voice of one calling:

A herald announces the coming of the Lord. The Gospels identify this voice as John the Baptist, whose ministry prepared Israel for the public arrival of Jesus Christ.

Mat 3:3 This is he who was spoken of through the prophet Isaiah: …
Mrk 1:3 A voice of one calling in the wilderness…
Jhn 1:23 John replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet:…

“Prepare the way for the LORD in the wilderness;

Israel’s wilderness history recalled both God’s deliverance and the nation’s repeated unbelief. John’s call to repentance summoned the people to turn from sin and be ready for the Lord’s visitation.

Luk 3:4 “A voice of one calling in the wilderness,”…
Mat 11:10 This is the one about whom it is written: …
Luk 1:76 And you, child, will be called a prophet of the Most High;…

make a straight highway for our God in the desert.

Kings received prepared roads before their arrival; likewise, God’s people were to remove the barriers of rebellion and unbelief. The prophecy points to Christ’s coming, in whom God Himself came to bring salvation.

Isa 35:8 And there will be a highway called the Way of Holiness.…
Isa 43:19 Behold, I am about to do something new; even now it is coming.…
Pro 3:6 In all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths…

Every valley shall be lifted up,

God promises to remove what is low and neglected, raising His people from affliction and preparing them for His coming salvation. The image portrays His authority to restore those brought low by sin, suffering, and oppression.

Psa 147:6 The LORD sustains the humble, but casts the wicked…
Psa 113:7-8 He raises the poor from the dust and lifts the needy…
1Sa 2:7-8 The LORD sends poverty and wealth; He humbles and He exalts.…

and every mountain and hill made low;

Human pride, self-reliance, and every power that resists God will be humbled. Nothing stands too high for the Lord to bring down as He clears the way for His righteous rule.

Luk 3:5 Every valley shall be filled in, and every mountain…
Zec 4:7 What are you, O great mountain? Before Zerubbabel…
Luk 1:52 He has brought down rulers from their thrones,…

the uneven ground will become smooth,

The obstacles that hinder the coming of the King will be removed. As roads were prepared for the arrival of an ancient ruler, hearts and lives are called to be made ready through repentance and submission to God.

Isa 42:16 I will lead the blind by a way they did not know;…
Pro 15:19 The way of the slacker is like a hedge of thorns…
Heb 12:13 Make straight paths for your feet, so that the lame…

and the rugged land a plain.

God will transform what is harsh, broken, and inaccessible into a place fit for His presence. The promise anticipates the peace, order, and restoration brought by the Messiah.

Zec 14:10 All the land from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem…
Isa 49:11 I will turn all My mountains into roads,…
Isa 45:2 I will go before you and level the mountains;…

And the glory of the LORD will be revealed,

God would display His power, faithfulness, and majesty through Israel’s restoration from Babylon. The promised deliverance anticipated a greater revelation of God’s glory in Jesus Christ, who made the Father known in human flesh.

1Pe 4:13 But rejoice that you share in the sufferings of Christ,…
Ezk 43:4-5 and the glory of the LORD entered the temple…
Hab 2:14 For the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory…

and all humanity together will see it.”

God’s saving work would not remain hidden or confined to Israel. The return from exile would testify publicly to His sovereignty, while the final fulfillment awaits Christ’s return, when all people will see His glory.

Isa 66:18 “And I, knowing their deeds and thoughts,…
Luk 3:6 And all humanity will see God’s salvation.’”
Rev 1:7 Behold, He is coming with the clouds, and every eye…

For the mouth of the LORD has spoken.

The certainty of this promise rests on God’s own authority. What He declares cannot fail, and His word guarantees the restoration and redemption He has promised.

Psa 33:9 For He spoke, and it came to be; He commanded…
Isa 55:11 So My word that proceeds from My mouth will not return to Me…
Num 23:19 God is not a man, that He should lie, or a son of man,…

The Enduring Word

A voice says, “Cry out!”

A heavenly command summons the prophet to proclaim God’s message openly and urgently.

Isa 58:1 Cry aloud, do not hold back! Raise your voice…
Pro 1:20 Wisdom calls out in the street, she lifts her voice…

And I asked, “What should I cry out?”

Isaiah responds in readiness, seeking the message he is to deliver.

Exo 4:12 “Now go! I will help you as you speak, and I will teach”…
Jer 1:7 But the LORD told me: “Do not say, ‘I am only a child.’…

“All flesh is like grass,

Human life is fragile and brief, subject to decline and death.

1Pe 1:24 All flesh is like grass, and all its glory…
Psa 103:15-16 As for man, his days are like grass—he blooms…
Psa 90:5-6 You sweep them away in their sleep; they are like…

and all its glory like the flowers of the field.

Human strength, beauty, achievement, and honor fade quickly, while God’s word and purposes remain sure.

Mat 6:28-30 And why do you worry about clothes? Consider how the lilies…
Isa 28:1 Woe to the majestic crown of Ephraim’s drunkards,…
Job 14:2 Like a flower, he comes forth, then withers away…

The grass withers

Human life and strength are short-lived, like vegetation exposed to harsh conditions.

1Pe 1:24-25 All flesh is like grass, and all its glory…
Psa 103:15-16 As for man, his days are like grass—he blooms…
Psa 90:5-6 You sweep them away in their sleep; they are like…

and the flowers fall

Beauty, status, and accomplishment fade with time and cannot endure.

Jas 1:10-11 because he will pass away like a flower of the field…
Job 14:2 Like a flower, he comes forth, then withers away…
Isa 28:1 Woe to the majestic crown of Ephraim’s drunkards,…

when the breath of the LORD blows on them;

God’s sovereign power, through His ruach—breath, spirit, or wind—brings down what is temporary and exposes the limits of human pride.

Job 4:9 By the breath of God they perish, and by the blast…
Psa 104:29-30 When You hide Your face, they are terrified;…
Psa 147:18 He sends forth His word and melts them;…

indeed, the people are grass.

Isaiah contrasts the frailty of humanity with the lasting faithfulness of God and His word.

Isa 51:12 “I, even I, am He who comforts you. Why should you be afraid…
Psa 37:2 For they wither quickly like grass and wilt…
Psa 144:3-4 O LORD, what is man, that You regard him…

The grass withers and the flowers fall,

Human life, strength, and achievement are brief, like vegetation dried by the hot desert wind. Isaiah contrasts the fading glory of people and nations with the permanence of the Lord’s purposes.

1Pe 1:24 All flesh is like grass, and all its glory…
Jas 1:10-11 because he will pass away like a flower of the field…
Psa 103:15-16 As for man, his days are like grass—he blooms…

but the word of our God stands forever.”

God’s revealed truth, promises, and decrees do not change or fail. Though generations pass and earthly powers rise and fall, He will fulfill all He has spoken.

1Pe 1:25 but the word of the Lord stands forever.…
Mat 24:35 Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words…
Psa 119:89 Your word, O LORD, is everlasting; it is firmly fixed…

Here Is Your God!

Go up on a high mountain, O Zion, herald of good news.

Zion is summoned to announce the return of the Lord to His people. From a high mountain, the message could be carried broadly across the land: God’s promised deliverance was near, and Jerusalem would again stand at the center of His redemptive work.

Isa 52:7 How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of those…
Nam 1:15 Look to the mountains—the feet of one who brings good news,…
Rom 10:15 And how can they preach unless they are sent?…

Raise your voice loudly, O Jerusalem, herald of good news.

Jerusalem is called to proclaim the announcement openly and joyfully. The city that had known judgment and exile would bear witness that the Lord had not abandoned His covenant people but was acting to restore them.

Isa 52:8 Listen! Your watchmen lift up their voices,…
Luk 2:10 But the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid!…
Psa 96:2 Sing to the LORD, bless His name; proclaim His salvation…

Lift it up, do not be afraid!

God’s messenger must not be silenced by fear, opposition, or the memory of past defeat. The certainty of God’s coming gives authority to the proclamation and removes any reason for hesitation.

Isa 58:1 Cry aloud, do not hold back! Raise your voice…
Act 18:9 One night the Lord spoke to Paul in a vision:…
Jer 1:17 Get yourself ready. Stand up and tell them everything…

Say to the cities of Judah, “Here is your God!”

Judah’s towns were to hear that the Lord Himself was coming in power and faithfulness. He would gather, restore, and rule His people, ultimately revealing His saving presence fully in Jesus Christ.

Isa 35:4 Say to those with anxious hearts: “Be strong, do not fear!…
Zec 2:10 “Shout for joy and be glad, O Daughter of Zion,”…
Mal 3:1 “Behold, I will send My messenger, who will prepare the way”…

Behold, the Lord GOD comes with might,

Isaiah announces the certain arrival of Israel’s sovereign God. To exiles who had witnessed Jerusalem’s fall and lived under foreign rule, His coming meant deliverance from Babylon and the restoration of His people. The God who acted powerfully to redeem Israel in the past had not abandoned His covenant promises.

Mat 24:30 At that time the sign of the Son of Man will appear…
Psa 50:3-4 Our God approaches and will not be silent!…
Zec 14:5 You will flee by My mountain valley, for it will extend…

and His arm establishes His rule.

God Himself would intervene, overcoming every power that opposed His purposes. His rule would be displayed in Israel’s return and ultimately in the reign of the Messiah, who came with divine authority and will establish God’s kingdom fully.

Psa 98:1 A Psalm. Sing to the LORD a new song, for He has done wonders…
Isa 52:10 The LORD has bared His holy arm in the sight of all the nations…
Luk 1:51 He has performed mighty deeds with His arm;…

His reward is with Him,

The Lord’s arrival brings blessing for those who belong to Him. For Israel, this included restoration to their land, renewed worship, and the fulfillment of God’s promises after exile. His coming also brings the promised inheritance of His faithful people.

Isa 62:11 Behold, the LORD has proclaimed to the ends of the earth…
Rev 22:12 “Behold, I am coming soon, and My reward is with Me,…
Mat 16:27 For the Son of Man will come in His Father’s glory…

and His recompense accompanies Him.

God’s return brings righteous judgment as well as salvation. He repays evil and vindicates those who trust Him. The immediate promise includes judgment on Israel’s oppressors, while the final fulfillment points to Christ’s return, when He will judge all people with perfect justice.

Deu 32:35 Vengeance is Mine; I will repay. In due time…
Jer 51:56 For a destroyer is coming against her—against Babylon.…
Isa 59:18 So He will repay according to their deeds:…

He tends His flock like a shepherd;

God portrays Himself as the faithful Shepherd of Israel, providing, guarding, and directing His people. The image conveys His personal oversight of those who belong to Him.

Ezk 34:11-12 For this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, I Myself…
Psa 23:1-3 A Psalm of David. The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.…
Jhn 10:11 I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd…

He gathers the lambs in His arms

The lambs picture the vulnerable and dependent among God’s people. He does not neglect the weak but receives them with compassion and protection.

Jer 31:10 Hear, O nations, the word of the LORD, and proclaim it…
Luk 15:4-6 What man among you, if he has a hundred sheep…
Ezk 34:12-13 As a shepherd looks for his scattered sheep…

and carries them close to His heart.

God’s care is not distant or impersonal. His people are precious to Him, held securely in His loving care.

Num 11:12 Did I conceive all these people? Did I give them birth,…
Deu 1:31 and in the wilderness, where the LORD your God carried you…
Isa 46:3-4 Listen to Me, O house of Jacob, all the remnant…

He gently leads the nursing ewes.

A shepherd adjusts his pace for mothers caring for their young. In the same way, God leads with patience, strength, and consideration for the needs of His people.

Gen 33:13-14 But Jacob replied, “My lord knows that children are frail,…
Isa 49:10 They will not hunger or thirst, nor will scorching heat…
Psa 78:52-53 He led out His people like sheep and guided them…

Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand,

The Lord holds the seas, rivers, and all the waters of the earth under His power. What appears vast and untamable to man is fully known and governed by the Creator.

Pro 30:4 Who has ascended to heaven and come down?…
Job 38:8-11 Who enclosed the sea behind doors when it burst forth…
Psa 33:7 He piles up the waters of the sea; He puts the depths…

or marked off the heavens with the span of his hand?

The sky and the expanse above the earth are not beyond God’s reach. He established their boundaries and ordered the universe according to His wisdom.

Isa 45:12 It is I who made the earth and created man…
Jer 10:12 The LORD made the earth by His power;…
Job 37:18 can you, like Him, spread out the skies,…

Who has held the dust of the earth in a basket,

The ground from which man was formed and the whole substance of the earth remain under God’s care and authority. He knows every part of His creation and sustains it by His will.

2Ch 1:9 Now, O LORD God, let Your promise to my father David…
Gen 13:16 I will make your offspring like the dust of the earth…
Gen 28:14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth,…

or weighed the mountains on a scale and the hills with a balance?

Even the mountains and hills, which seem permanent and immovable, were set in place by God with perfect purpose. The One who formed them rules over all creation with justice and power.

Job 28:25 When God fixed the weight of the wind and…
Psa 65:6 You formed the mountains by Your power…
Amo 4:13 “For behold, He who forms the mountains”…

Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD,

God’s Spirit is not guided by human wisdom or limited by human understanding. As the divine agent in creation and providence, He acts according to God’s perfect knowledge and purpose. No person was present to instruct God when He formed the world or established its order.

1Co 2:10-12 But God has revealed it to us by the Spirit.…
Jhn 3:8 The wind blows where it wishes. You hear its sound…
Psa 104:30 When You send Your Spirit, they are created…

or informed Him as His counselor?

Earthly kings depend on advisers, but the Lord has no need of counsel. His decisions arise from complete wisdom, and His purposes are never improved by human insight.

Rom 11:34 “Who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been”…
1Co 2:16 “For who has known the mind of the Lord,…
Job 21:22 Can anyone teach knowledge to God, since He judges…

Whom did He consult to enlighten Him,

God’s wisdom is neither received nor developed. As Creator, He possessed perfect knowledge before the world existed and needed no adviser when He ordered the heavens, earth, and nations.

1Co 2:16 “For who has known the mind of the Lord,…
Rom 11:34 “Who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been”…
Job 21:22 Can anyone teach knowledge to God, since He judges…

and who taught Him the paths of justice?

God does not learn justice from human rulers, courts, or traditions. His judgments are always right because righteousness belongs to His own nature. The nations that trusted idols could not claim such wisdom from their gods.

Job 34:12 Indeed, it is true that God does not act wickedly,…
Deu 32:4 He is the Rock, His work is perfect; all His ways are just.…
Psa 89:14 Righteousness and justice are the foundation of Your throne…

Who imparted knowledge to Him

No person, angel, or power has ever supplied God with information He lacked. The Lord knows the course of history, the hearts of men, and the purposes He accomplishes among the nations.

Job 36:22 Behold, God is exalted in His power…
Psa 147:5 Great is our Lord, and mighty in power;…
Jer 10:7 Who would not fear You, O King of nations? This is Your due.…

and showed Him the way of understanding?

God’s understanding is complete and without limit. Isaiah’s question humbles Israel before the One who governs all things and assures them that their restoration from exile rests in the hands of a God who cannot be confused, misled, or overpowered.

Job 38:4-7 Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?…
Isa 28:29 This also comes from the LORD of Hosts…
Dan 2:21-22 He changes the times and seasons; He removes kings…

Surely the nations are like a drop in a bucket;

The greatest empires and peoples of the earth are insignificant before the Creator, like a drop in a bucket. Their strength, wealth, and authority cannot rival the Lord’s rule over all creation.

Dan 4:35 All the peoples of the earth are counted as nothing…
Psa 33:10-11 The LORD frustrates the plans of the nations;…
Psa 62:9 Lowborn men are but a vapor; the exalted are but a lie.…

they are considered a speck of dust on the scales;

As dust does not alter a balance, the combined power of the nations does not diminish or challenge God’s purposes. Human kingdoms rise and fall under His authority.

Pro 16:11 Honest scales and balances are from the LORD;…
Dan 5:27 TEKEL means that you have been weighed on the scales…
Job 31:6 let God weigh me with honest scales, that He may…

He lifts up the islands like fine dust.

Even distant coastlands and lands beyond Israel’s horizon are fully within God’s dominion. What appears vast and remote to humanity is effortlessly governed by Him.

Isa 41:1 Be silent before Me, O islands, and let the peoples renew…
Isa 42:4 He will not grow weak or discouraged before He has…
Isa 51:5 My righteousness draws near, My salvation is on the way…

Lebanon is not sufficient for fuel,

Lebanon’s renowned cedar forests represented the finest and most abundant timber available to Israel and its neighbors. Even if all its wood were consumed on an altar, it could not provide an offering worthy of the God who created and sustains all things.

1Ki 8:27 But will God indeed dwell upon the earth?…
Deu 10:14 Behold, to the LORD your God belong the heavens,…
Psa 24:1 A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD’s…

nor its animals enough for a burnt offering.

The wildlife and livestock associated with Lebanon could not supply sacrifices equal to God’s majesty. Burnt offerings were appointed for worship and atonement, yet no quantity of animals could fully answer for human sin or measure up to the holiness of the Lord. The sacrificial system pointed beyond itself to the perfect and final offering of Christ.

Psa 50:8-13 I do not rebuke you for your sacrifices,…
Psa 40:6-8 Sacrifice and offering You did not desire,…
Heb 10:4-10 because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats…

All the nations are as nothing before Him;

Israel faced the power of Assyria and Babylon, empires capable of conquering cities, removing kings, and carrying peoples into exile. Yet no nation could rival the Creator who measures the waters, directs history, and rules over every ruler. Their strength existed only by His permission and remained subject to His judgment.

Dan 4:35 All the peoples of the earth are counted as nothing…
Psa 33:10 The LORD frustrates the plans of the nations;…
Psa 2:4 The One enthroned in heaven laughs; the Lord taunts them.

He regards them as nothingness and emptiness.

Earthly kingdoms, wealth, armies, and achievements have no lasting weight before God. The nations that appeared permanent in Isaiah’s day eventually fell, while the Lord’s purposes continued without change. Isaiah directs God’s people away from fear of human power and toward confidence in the God whose kingdom endures.

Isa 41:24 Behold, you are nothing and your work is of no value.…
Ecc 1:2 “Futility of futilities,” says the Teacher,…
Psa 39:6 Surely every man goes about like a phantom;…

To whom will you liken God?

Isaiah confronts Israel with the absolute uniqueness of the Creator. Surrounded by nations devoted to many gods, Israel faced continual pressure to treat the LORD as one deity among others. Yet He alone made and rules the heavens and the earth; no being shares His power, holiness, or authority.

Isa 46:5 To whom will you liken Me or count Me equal?…
Psa 89:6 For who in the skies can compare with the LORD?…
2Sa 7:22 How great You are, O Lord GOD! For there is none like You…

To what image will you compare Him?

Idols fashioned from wood, stone, or metal could not represent the living God. He had forbidden Israel to make such images because He is not a creature and cannot be reduced to a human work. No visible form can contain His glory or adequately portray His nature.

Act 17:29 Therefore, being offspring of God, we should not think…
Rom 1:23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images…
Deu 4:16 that you do not act corruptly and make an idol…

To an idol that a craftsman casts

An idol begins as an object shaped by human skill from created materials. Its existence depends entirely on the artisan who designs and forms it, exposing the contrast between a manufactured image and the God who made heaven and earth.

Isa 44:10 Who fashions a god or casts an idol which profits him…
Deu 27:15 Cursed is the man who makes a carved idol or molten image—…
Hab 2:18 What use is an idol, that a craftsman should carve it…

and a metalworker overlays with gold

Gold covering gave an idol an appearance of splendor and value, reflecting the wealth devoted to false worship. The costly decoration could not give life, power, or deity to what human hands had made.

Isa 30:22 So you will desecrate your silver-plated idols…
Jer 10:9 Hammered silver is brought from Tarshish,…
Hos 8:4 They set up kings, but not by Me. They make princes…

and fits with silver chains?

Silver chains added further ornamentation and helped complete the image for worship. Even adorned with precious metals, the idol remained dependent on its makers and unable to act, speak, or save.

Isa 41:7 The craftsman encourages the goldsmith, and he who wields…
Jer 10:4-5 They adorn it with silver and gold and fasten it…
Isa 46:6-7 They pour out their bags of gold and weigh out silver…

One lacking such an offering

Unable to afford an idol overlaid with precious metals such as gold or silver, the poor worshiper seeks a less costly substitute.

Lev 5:7 If, however, he cannot afford a lamb, he may…
Lev 12:8 But if she cannot afford a lamb, she shall bring…
Lev 14:21 If, however, the person is poor and cannot afford…

chooses wood that will not rot.

He selects durable timber in hopes that the object of his worship will endure.

Jer 10:3 For the customs of the peoples are worthless;…
Isa 44:14-17 He cuts down cedars or retrieves a cypress or oak.…
Hab 2:18-19 What use is an idol, that a craftsman should carve it…

He seeks a skilled craftsman

The idol depends entirely on human design and labor for its form and appearance.

Isa 46:6 They pour out their bags of gold and weigh out silver…
Jer 10:9 Hammered silver is brought from Tarshish,…
Isa 44:12-13 The blacksmith takes a tool and labors over the coals;…

to set up an idol that will not topple.

Even after it is made, it must be carefully secured so that it can stand, exposing the helplessness of a god fashioned by human hands.

Jer 10:4-5 They adorn it with silver and gold and fasten it…
Isa 46:7 They lift it to their shoulder and carry it along;…
Psa 115:7-8 they have hands, but cannot feel; they have feet…

Do you not know?

Israel had long possessed the knowledge of the Lord through creation, covenant, and the testimony of the prophets. Their discouragement in exile did not erase what God had made known about Himself.

Deu 4:35 You were shown these things so that you would know…
Psa 100:3 Know that the LORD is God. It is He who made us,…
Rom 1:19-20 For what may be known about God is plain to them…

Have you not heard?

God’s people had received His instruction through generations of faithful teaching. The Lord’s power, righteousness, and faithfulness were not newly revealed truths but part of Israel’s established heritage.

Deu 4:36 He let you hear His voice from heaven to discipline you…
Psa 19:1-4 For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. The heavens declare……
Rom 10:18 But I ask, did they not hear? Indeed they did:…

Has it not been declared to you from the beginning?

From the earliest record of creation, God had revealed Himself as the Maker and ruler of all things. His purposes had unfolded throughout history, confirming that He alone directs nations and governs human events.

Gen 1:1-2 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.…
Jhn 1:1-3 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God…
Psa 33:6-9 By the word of the LORD the heavens were made…

Have you not understood since the foundation of the earth?

The created order bears witness to God’s wisdom and power. The One who laid the earth’s foundations is not limited by human weakness, political upheaval, or the apparent strength of earthly rulers.

Job 38:4-7 Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?…
Heb 1:10-12 “In the beginning, O Lord, You laid the foundations…
Psa 102:25-27 In the beginning You laid the foundations of the earth…

He sits enthroned above the circle of the earth;

God rules from above the whole inhabited world, far beyond the reach of human rulers and idols. Isaiah presents Him as the Creator whose authority extends over every nation and every generation.

Isa 66:1 This is what the LORD says: “Heaven is My throne…”…
Psa 103:19 The LORD has established His throne in heaven…
Psa 97:9 For You, O LORD, are Most High over all the earth;…

its dwellers are like grasshoppers.

From God’s vantage point, humanity is small and dependent, however powerful individuals or kingdoms may appear. The image humbles those who trust in earthly strength while emphasizing the vast difference between the Creator and His creatures.

Num 13:33 We even saw the Nephilim there—the descendants of Anak…
Psa 8:4 what is man that You are mindful of him?…
Dan 4:35 All the peoples of the earth are counted as nothing…

He stretches out the heavens like a curtain,

The heavens exist by God’s power and remain under His control. What appears immeasurable to man is as easily arranged by Him as a curtain being spread out.

Job 9:8 He alone stretches out the heavens and…
Jer 51:15 The LORD made the earth by His power;…
Isa 42:5 This is what God the LORD says—He who created the heavens…

and spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.

God has ordered the created world as a dwelling place beneath the heavens. His greatness does not place Him beyond His creation; He sustains the world He made and governs all who live within it.

Psa 104:2 He wraps Himself in light as with a garment;…
Psa 61:4 Let me dwell in Your tent forever and take refuge…
Psa 27:5 For in the day of trouble He will hide me in His shelter;…

He brings the princes to nothing

God rules over every earthly authority, raising up and removing leaders according to His purpose. For Judah, surrounded by powerful empires such as Assyria and later Babylon, this affirmed that no king or nation stood beyond God’s control.

Psa 76:12 He breaks the spirits of princes; He is feared…
Job 12:21 He pours out contempt on nobles and disarms the mighty.
Dan 2:21 He changes the times and seasons; He removes kings…

and makes the rulers of the earth meaningless.

However great their claims, rulers possess only temporary authority. Nations rise and fall, but God’s dominion remains unchanged. Human opposition cannot overturn His purposes, and even those who reject His rule remain subject to His judgment.

Dan 4:35 All the peoples of the earth are counted as nothing…
Psa 2:1-4 Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain?…
Psa 33:10 The LORD frustrates the plans of the nations;…

No sooner are they planted,

Earthly rulers and kingdoms may appear firmly established, but their rise is brief before the God who governs history. Isaiah speaks comfort to Israel by placing the powers of the nations in proper perspective.

Psa 1:3 He is like a tree planted by streams of water,…
Jer 17:8 He is like a tree planted by the waters…
Jer 11:17 The LORD of Hosts, who planted you, has decreed disaster…

no sooner are they sown,

Their strength, plans, and influence begin under God’s sovereign permission and remain subject to His purpose.

Gal 6:7-8 Do not be deceived: God is not to be mocked.…
2Co 9:6 Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap…
Hos 8:7 For they sow the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind.…

no sooner have their stems taken root in the ground,

Even when political power seems secure and enduring, it has no independence from the Lord. Nations cannot sustain themselves by military force, wealth, or human wisdom.

Jer 12:2 You planted them, and they have taken root.…
Psa 80:9 You cleared the ground for it, and it took root…
Job 14:7-9 For there is hope for a tree: If it is cut down…

than He blows on them and they wither,

God need only act for the proud and powerful to lose their strength. Their apparent permanence quickly gives way to decline when He removes His favor or brings judgment.

Psa 37:2 For they wither quickly like grass and wilt…
1Pe 1:24 All flesh is like grass, and all its glory…
Psa 103:16 when the wind passes over, it vanishes…

and a whirlwind sweeps them away like stubble.

The rulers who defy God are as helpless as dry stalks before a storm. Their removal is swift and complete, while the Lord remains unchanging and fully able to preserve His people.

Pro 10:25 When the whirlwind passes, the wicked are no more…
Mal 4:1 “For behold, the day is coming, burning like a furnace,”…
Psa 1:4 Not so the wicked! For they are like chaff…

“To whom will you liken Me,

God confronts every attempt to reduce Him to the level of created things. Israel lived among nations devoted to idols, yet no image, ruler, force, or imagined deity could represent the Creator who made and sustains all things.

Isa 46:5 To whom will you liken Me or count Me equal?…
Psa 89:6 For who in the skies can compare with the LORD?…
Deu 33:26 There is none like the God of Jeshurun…

or who is My equal?”

No rival shares His power, wisdom, authority, or holiness. Israel’s recurring attraction to foreign gods revealed the danger of treating the Lord as one deity among many. He alone is God, sovereign over nations, rulers, and all creation.

Jer 10:6 There is none like You, O LORD. You are great,…
1Ki 8:23 O LORD, God of Israel, there is no God like You in heaven…
Mic 7:18 Who is a God like You, who pardons iniquity…

asks the Holy One.

The Holy One is utterly pure and distinct from all He has made. Isaiah repeatedly identifies Him as the Holy One of Israel, the covenant God who remains faithful to His people and calls them to live in obedience to Him.

Hab 1:12 Are You not from everlasting, O LORD?…
Hos 11:9 I will not execute the full fury of My anger;…
Psa 71:22 So I will praise You with the harp for Your faithfulness…

Lift up your eyes on high:

Isaiah directs God’s people away from their immediate fears and toward the visible heavens. The vastness and order of the sky testify to the Creator’s majesty and rule.

Isa 51:6 But My salvation will last forever, and My righteousness……
Psa 123:1 A song of ascents. I lift up my eyes to You…
Psa 121:1-2 A song of ascents. I lift up my eyes to the hills.…

Who created all these?

The answer is the LORD, who made the heavens and everything within them. The stars are not divine powers or independent forces but works of His hand.

Psa 33:6 By the word of the LORD the heavens were made…
Col 1:16 For in Him all things were created, things in heaven…
Gen 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

He leads forth the starry host by number;

God governs the innumerable stars with perfect order. Their courses, places, and purposes remain under His command.

Psa 147:4 He determines the number of the stars;…
Jer 33:22 As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted…
Job 38:31-33 Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt…

He calls each one by name.

The Creator knows every star individually and exercises complete authority over all He has made. Nothing in creation is beyond His knowledge or care.

Jhn 10:3 The gatekeeper opens the gate for him, and the sheep listen…
Isa 43:1 But now, this is what the LORD says—He who created you……
Exo 33:17 So the LORD said to Moses, “I will do this very thing…

Because of His great power and mighty strength,

The stability of the heavens rests on God’s limitless power. His strength does not diminish, and His purposes cannot fail.

Psa 147:5 Great is our Lord, and mighty in power;…
Jer 32:17 Oh, Lord GOD! You have made the heavens and the earth…
Job 9:4 God is wise in heart and mighty in strength.…

not one of them is missing.

Every star remains where God appoints it. The same faithful God who sustains the heavens is fully able to preserve and restore His people.

Isa 34:16 Search and read the scroll of the LORD: Not one of these…
Jer 23:4 I will raise up shepherds over them who will tend them…
Jhn 18:9 This was to fulfill the word He had spoken…

Why do you say, O Jacob, and why do you assert, O Israel,

Isaiah addresses God’s covenant people by both names, recalling their descent from Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel. Though the nation would face exile because of sin, it remained under God’s covenant care. Their complaint revealed discouragement and doubt during suffering.

Isa 49:14 But Zion said, “The LORD has forsaken me;…
Psa 77:7-9 Will the Lord spurn us forever and never show His favor…
Psa 44:23-24 Wake up, O Lord! Why are You sleeping? Arise!……

“My way is hidden from the LORD,

The people believed their affliction had escaped God’s notice. Exile, loss of land, and the collapse of Jerusalem could make it appear that the Lord had abandoned them, yet He had not ceased to see their condition or govern their future.

Isa 8:17 I will wait for the LORD, who is hiding His face…
Psa 10:11 He says to himself, “God has forgotten; He hides His face…
Job 23:8-9 If I go east, He is not there, and if I go west…

and my claim is ignored by my God”?

Israel felt that God had overlooked its plea for justice and deliverance. Isaiah corrects that conclusion by directing them to the Lord’s power, wisdom, and faithfulness. Their hardship was not evidence of divine indifference; God would preserve His people and accomplish His promised restoration.

Lam 3:8 Even when I cry out and plead for help,…
Psa 13:1-2 For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. How long, O LORD?…
Hab 1:2-3 How long, O LORD, must I call for help…

Do you not know? Have you not heard?

Israel had long received God’s revelation through the law, the prophets, and His acts in history. Their exile did not mean that the Lord had changed or lost control of their circumstances.

Rom 10:18 But I ask, did they not hear? Indeed they did:…
Psa 44:1 For the choirmaster. A Maskil of the sons of Korah.…
Psa 78:3-4 that we have heard and known and our fathers…

The LORD is the everlasting God,

Unlike human rulers, nations, and idols, the LORD has no beginning or end. He remains the same through every generation and beyond Israel’s present suffering.

Gen 21:33 And Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beersheba,…
Psa 90:2 Before the mountains were born or You brought forth…
Deu 33:27 The eternal God is your dwelling place, and underneath…

the Creator of the ends of the earth.

The God who formed the whole world rules every land and every people. Babylon’s power was real but limited; its empire stood under the authority of Israel’s Creator.

Jer 10:12 The LORD made the earth by His power;…
Act 17:24 The God who made the world and everything in it…
Psa 72:8 May he rule from sea to sea, and from the Euphrates…

He will not grow tired or weary;

God’s work in sustaining creation, judging nations, and preserving His people never exhausts Him. Israel’s weakness did not reflect weakness in their God.

Psa 121:3-4 He will not allow your foot to slip; your Protector…
Isa 46:4 Even to your old age, I will be the same,…
Mal 3:6 Because I, the LORD, do not change, you descendants of Jacob…

His understanding is beyond searching out.

The Lord fully knows the course of history and the needs of His people. Though Israel could not see how restoration would come, His wisdom governed both their discipline and their future deliverance.

Rom 11:33 O, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge…
Psa 147:5 Great is our Lord, and mighty in power;…
Job 11:7-9 Can you fathom the deep things of God…

He gives power to the faint

Israel’s exile had left the people discouraged and unable to alter their circumstances. The Lord, who never grows weary, supplies endurance to those drained by suffering and fear. Their future did not depend on remaining national strength but on God’s faithfulness to sustain them.

Psa 68:35 O God, You are awesome in Your sanctuary;…
Psa 29:11 The LORD gives His people strength; the LORD blesses…
2Co 12:9 But He said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you…

and increases the strength of the weak.

God often works through those who have no natural advantage or power of their own. Israel had repeatedly faced stronger enemies, yet the Lord preserved and delivered His people. Human weakness does not limit His purpose; He strengthens those who depend on Him.

Heb 11:34 quenched the raging fire, and escaped the edge of the sword…
Isa 41:10 Do not fear, for I am with you; do not be afraid…
Eph 3:16 I ask that out of the riches of His glory…

Even youths grow tired and weary,

Youth, though marked by energy and promise, does not escape the limits God has placed on human strength. In Israel’s world, young people were valued for endurance in work, travel, and battle, yet even the strongest eventually become exhausted.

Mat 11:28 Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened,…
Heb 12:3 Consider Him who endured such hostility from sinners,…
Gal 6:9 Let us not grow weary in well-doing, for in due time……

and young men stumble and fall.

Those regarded as most capable can fail when their strength gives out. Human ability, discipline, and vigor cannot provide unfailing endurance, showing the need for strength that comes from the Lord.

Psa 37:24 Though he falls, he will not be overwhelmed…
Pro 24:16 For though a righteous man may fall seven times,…
Mic 7:8 Do not gloat over me, my enemy! Though I have fallen…

But those who wait upon the LORD

God’s people were called to place their hope in Him while facing the prospect of exile and restoration. Their confidence rested not in human strength or political power, but in the Lord’s faithfulness to fulfill His promises.

Psa 27:14 Wait patiently for the LORD; be strong and courageous.…
Psa 130:5 I wait for the LORD; my soul does wait, and in His word…
Psa 37:7 Be still before the LORD and wait patiently for Him;…

will renew their strength;

The Lord supplies strength to those exhausted by fear, hardship, and long suffering. His renewal restores courage and endurance for the demands of life and for the work He gives His people.

2Co 4:16 Therefore we do not lose heart. Though our outer self is…
Psa 103:5 who satisfies you with good things, so that your youth…
Eph 3:16 I ask that out of the riches of His glory…

they will mount up with wings like eagles;

The image portrays God’s power lifting His people above circumstances that would otherwise overwhelm them. As He delivered Israel from bondage and preserved them through the wilderness, He would sustain them through exile and bring them home.

Exo 19:4 You have seen for yourselves what I did to Egypt,…
Deu 32:11 As an eagle stirs up its nest and hovers over its young,…
Job 39:27 Does the eagle soar at your command and make his nest…

they will run and not grow weary,

God enables His people to persevere when swift action and sustained effort are required. Their endurance comes from His strength rather than their own resources.

Heb 12:1 Therefore, since we are surrounded by such a great cloud…
1Co 9:24-27 Do you not know that in a race all the runners run…
Gal 6:9 Let us not grow weary in well-doing, for in due time……

they will walk and not faint.

The promise also includes the ordinary, continuing path of obedience. God sustains His people through the long course of daily life, even when progress seems slow.

Psa 84:7 They go from strength to strength, until each…
Psa 37:23-24 The steps of a man are ordered by the LORD…
Pro 4:12 When you walk, your steps will not be impeded;…

This is a draft of the Berean Study Bible. Please send all comments and recommendations to bereanstudybible@aol.com.



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