Then the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.
Exodus 9:13 And the LORD said to Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand …
Exodus 3:18 And they shall listen to your voice: and you shall come, you and …
Exodus 4:22,23 And you shall say to Pharaoh, Thus said the LORD, Israel is my son, …
Exodus 5:1 And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus said …
Exodus 8:1,20 And the LORD spoke to Moses, Go to Pharaoh, and say to him, Thus …
Exodus 10:3 And Moses and Aaron came in to Pharaoh, and said to him, Thus said …
For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still,
Exodus 4:23 And I say to you, Let my son go, that he may serve me: and if you …
Exodus 8:2 And if you refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all your borders …
Exodus 10:4 Else, if you refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I …
Leviticus 26:14-16,23,24,27,28 But if you will not listen to me, and will not do all these commandments…
Psalm 7:11,12 God judges the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day…
Psalm 68:21 But God shall wound the head of his enemies, and the hairy scalp …
Isaiah 1:20 But if you refuse and rebel, you shall be devoured with the sword: …
Romans 2:8 But to them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but …
Revelation 2:21,22 And I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she repented not…
Revelation 16:9 And men were scorched with great heat, and blasphemed the name of …
Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain.
the hand
Exodus 7:4 But Pharaoh shall not listen to you, that I may lay my hand on Egypt, …
Exodus 8:19 Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, This is the finger of God: and …
1 Samuel 5:6-11 But the hand of the LORD was heavy on them of Ashdod, and he destroyed …
1 Samuel 6:9 And see, if it goes up by the way of his own coast to Bethshemesh, …
Acts 13:11 And now, behold, the hand of the Lord is on you, and you shall be …
murrain. We may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, Apis and Mnevis are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian nomes. By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews.
Exodus 5:3 And they said, The God of the Hebrews has met with us: let us go, …
And the LORD shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all that is the children's of Israel.
And the LORD appointed a set time, saying, To morrow the LORD shall do this thing in the land.
a set time
Exodus 9:18 Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very …
Exodus 8:23 And I will put a division between my people and your people: to morrow …
Exodus 10:4 Else, if you refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I …
Numbers 16:5 And he spoke to Korah and to all his company, saying, Even to morrow …
Job 24:1 Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Almighty, do they that …
Ecclesiastes 3:1-11 To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under …
Jeremiah 28:16,17 Therefore thus said the LORD; Behold, I will cast you from off the …
Matthew 27:63,64 Saying, Sir, we remember that that deceiver said, while he was yet …
And the LORD did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one.
And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.
the heart
Exodus 9:12 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he listened not to …
Exodus 7:14 And the LORD said to Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he refuses …
Exodus 8:32 And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he …
Job 9:4 He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength: who has hardened himself …
Proverbs 29:1 He, that being often reproved hardens his neck, shall suddenly be …
Isaiah 48:4 Because I knew that you are obstinate, and your neck is an iron sinew, …
Daniel 5:20 But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, …
Romans 9:18 Therefore has he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardens.
And the LORD said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh.
take to. This was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect.
Exodus 8:16 And the LORD said to Moses, Say to Aaron, Stretch out your rod, and …
And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt.
And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses sprinkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast.
And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils; for the boil was upon the magicians, and upon all the Egyptians.
And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.
And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.
For I will at this time send all my plagues upon thine heart, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people; that thou mayest know that there is none like me in all the earth.
send all
Leviticus 26:18,21,28 And if you will not yet for all this listen to me, then I will punish …
Deuteronomy 28:15-17,59-61 But it shall come to pass, if you will not listen to the voice of …
Deuteronomy 29:20-22 The LORD will not spare him, but then the anger of the LORD and his …
Deuteronomy 32:39-42 See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god with me: I kill, …
1 Samuel 4:8 Woe to us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods?…
1 Kings 8:38 What prayer and supplication soever be made by any man, or by all …
Jeremiah 19:8 And I will make this city desolate, and an hissing…
Micah 6:13 Therefore also will I make you sick in smiting you, in making you …
Revelation 18:8 Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, …
Revelation 22:18 For I testify to every man that hears the words of the prophecy of …
that thou
Exodus 8:10 And he said, To morrow. And he said, Be it according to your word: …
For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off from the earth.
stretch
Exodus 9:3,6,16 Behold, the hand of the LORD is on your cattle which is in the field, …
Exodus 3:20 And I will stretch out my hand, and smite Egypt with all my wonders …
that
Exodus 11:4-6 And Moses said, Thus said the LORD, About midnight will I go out …
Exodus 12:29,30 And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn …
cut off
Exodus 14:28 And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, …
1 Kings 13:34 And this thing became sin to the house of Jeroboam, even to cut it …
Proverbs 2:22 But the wicked shall be cut off from the earth, and the transgressors …
And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth.
deed
Exodus 14:17 And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they …
Psalm 83:17,18 Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yes, let them be put …
Proverbs 16:4 The LORD has made all things for himself: yes, even the wicked for …
Romans 9:17,22 For the scripture said to Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have …
1 Peter 2:8,19 And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense, even to them which …
Jude 1:4 For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old …
raised thee up. Heb. made thee stand. for to
Exodus 14:4 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; …
Exodus 15:11-16 Who is like to you, O LORD, among the gods? who is like you, glorious …
Exodus 18:11 Now I know that the LORD is greater than all gods: for in the thing …
Joshua 2:10,11 For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red sea …
1 Samuel 4:8 Woe to us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods?…
Psalm 136:10-15 To him that smote Egypt in their firstborn: for his mercy endures for ever…
that my
1 Chronicles 16:24 Declare his glory among the heathen; his marvelous works among all nations.
Psalm 64:9 And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; for they …
Psalm 83:17,18 Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yes, let them be put …
Isaiah 63:12-14 That led them by the right hand of Moses with his glorious arm, dividing …
Malachi 1:11,14 For from the rising of the sun even to the going down of the same …
Romans 9:17 For the scripture said to Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have …
As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go?
Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now.
to morrow
1 Kings 19:2 Then Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah, saying, So let the gods …
1 Kings 20:6 Yet I will send my servants to you to morrow about this time, and …
2 Kings 7:1,18 Then Elisha said, Hear you the word of the LORD; Thus said the LORD…
I will cause. This must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dew, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely any thing could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage.
Exodus 9:22-25 And the LORD said to Moses, Stretch forth your hand toward heaven, …
Psalm 83:15 So persecute them with your tempest, and make them afraid with your storm.
Send therefore now, and gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field; for upon every man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die.
He that feared the word of the LORD among the servants of Pharaoh made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses:
And he that regarded not the word of the LORD left his servants and his cattle in the field.
regarded not. Heb. set not his heart unto
Exodus 7:23 And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his …
1 Samuel 4:20 And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said …
1 Chronicles 22:19 Now set your heart and your soul to seek the LORD your God; arise …
Job 7:17 What is man, that you should magnify him? and that you should set …
Job 34:14 If he set his heart on man, if he gather to himself his spirit and his breath;
Proverbs 24:32 Then I saw, and considered it well: I looked on it, and received instruction.
Ezekiel 40:4 And the man said to me, Son of man, behold with your eyes, and hear …
Daniel 10:12 Then said he to me, Fear not, Daniel: for from the first day that …
And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.
And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the LORD rained hail upon the land of Egypt.
the Lord sent
Exodus 19:16 And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were …
Exodus 20:18 And all the people saw the thunder, and the lightning, and the noise …
1 Samuel 12:17,18 Is it not wheat harvest to day? I will call to the LORD, and he shall …
Job 37:1-5 At this also my heart trembles, and is moved out of his place…
Psalm 29:3 The voice of the LORD is on the waters: the God of glory thunders: …
Psalm 77:18 The voice of your thunder was in the heaven: the lightning lightened …
Revelation 16:18,21 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightning; and there was …
and hail
Joshua 10:11 And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were in …
Job 38:22,23 Have you entered into the treasures of the snow? or have you seen …
Psalm 18:13 The LORD also thundered in the heavens, and the Highest gave his …
Psalm 78:47,48 He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost…
Psalm 105:32,33 He gave them hail for rain, and flaming fire in their land…
Psalm 148:8 Fire, and hail; snow, and vapors; stormy wind fulfilling his word:
Isaiah 30:30 And the LORD shall cause his glorious voice to be heard, and shall …
Ezekiel 38:22 And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood; and …
Revelation 8:7 The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled …
So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.
And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field.
Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail.
And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have sinned this time: the LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.
I have
Exodus 10:16 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I …
Numbers 22:34 And Balaam said to the angel of the LORD, I have sinned; for I knew …
1 Samuel 15:24,30 And Saul said to Samuel, I have sinned: for I have transgressed the …
1 Samuel 26:21 Then said Saul, I have sinned: return, my son David: for I will no …
Matthew 27:4 Saying, I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood. …
the Lord
2 Chronicles 12:6 Whereupon the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves; …
Psalm 9:16 The LORD is known by the judgment which he executes: the wicked is …
Psalm 129:4 The LORD is righteous: he has cut asunder the cords of the wicked.
Psalm 145:17 The LORD is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works.
Lamentations 1:18 The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against his commandment: …
Daniel 9:14 Therefore has the LORD watched on the evil, and brought it on us: …
Romans 2:5 But after your hardness and impenitent heart treasure up to yourself …
Romans 3:19 Now we know that what things soever the law said, it said to them …
Intreat the LORD (for it is enough) that there be no more mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer.
intreat
Exodus 8:8,28 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, Entreat the LORD, …
Exodus 10:17 Now therefore forgive, I pray you, my sin only this once, and entreat …
Acts 8:24 Then answered Simon, and said, Pray you to the LORD for me, that …
mighty thunderings. Heb. voices of God
Psalm 29:3,4 The voice of the LORD is on the waters: the God of glory thunders: …
ye shall
Exodus 11:1 And the LORD said to Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more on Pharaoh, …
And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands unto the LORD; and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how that the earth is the LORD'S.
spread
Exodus 9:33 And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his …
1 Kings 8:22,38 And Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of …
2 Chronicles 6:12,13 And he stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all …
Ezra 9:5 And at the evening sacrifice I arose up from my heaviness; and having …
Job 11:13 If you prepare your heart, and stretch out your hands toward him;
Psalm 143:6 I stretch forth my hands to you: my soul thirsts after you, as a …
Isaiah 1:15 And when you spread forth your hands, I will hide my eyes from you: …
that the earth
Deuteronomy 10:14 Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the LORD's your God, …
Psalm 24:1,2 The earth is the LORD's, and the fullness thereof; the world, and …
Psalm 50:12 If I were hungry, I would not tell you: for the world is mine, and …
Psalm 95:4,5 In his hand are the deep places of the earth: the strength of the …
Psalm 135:6 Whatever the LORD pleased, that did he in heaven, and in earth, in …
1 Corinthians 10:26,28 For the earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof…
But as for thee and thy servants, I know that ye will not yet fear the LORD God.
And the flax and the barley was smitten: for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled.
flax. The word pishteh, flax, Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from pashat, to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors. The barley. The Hebrew seorah, barley, in Arabic shair, and shairat, is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from saar, to stand on end as the hair of the head; hence sear, the hair of the head. So its Latin name hordeum is from horeo, to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May.
Ruth 1:22 So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with …
Ruth 2:23 So she kept fast by the maidens of Boaz to glean to the end of barley …
Amos 4:9 I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and …
Habakkuk 3:17 Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in …
But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they were not grown up.
not grown up. Heb. hidden or dark
And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands unto the LORD: and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth.
And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.
saw
Exodus 8:15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, …
Ecclesiastes 8:11 Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, therefore …
and hardened
Exodus 4:21 And the LORD said to Moses, When you go to return into Egypt, see …
Exodus 7:14 And the LORD said to Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he refuses …
2 Chronicles 28:22 And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against …
2 Chronicles 33:23 And humbled not himself before the LORD, as Manasseh his father had …
2 Chronicles 36:13 And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him …
Romans 2:4,5 Or despise you the riches of his goodness and forbearance and long-suffering…
and the Lord
Exodus 4:21 And the LORD said to Moses, When you go to return into Egypt, see …
Exodus 7:3,4 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders …
Exodus 11:9,10 And the LORD said to Moses, Pharaoh shall not listen to you; that …
by Moses. Heb. by the hand of Moses
Exodus 4:13 And he said, O my LORD, send, I pray you, by the hand of him whom you will send.
And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses.
